Theories and Theorists

1. Theories and Theorists By Jasmyn Powell

2. Psychodynamics • Which is known as dynamic psychology.its an approach to psychology that emphasises systematic study of the psychologivcal forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experence. This theory was developed by Sigmund Freud.

3. Sigmund Freud • Began his career as a medical doctor and became interested in the irrational side of human behavior as he treated “hysterics.”

4. Behaviorist • Behaviorist describe both development and learning. There are 5 theorist: John Watson, Edward Thorndike, Benjamin Bloom, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. Aslo known as behavorialpsycholody is a theory of learning bvased upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

5. Theorist’s • B.F. Skinner • Took the idea of “tabula rasa” 1 step further to create the doctrine of the “empty organisms.” • Edward Thorndike • Studied the conditions of learning, helped develop scales to measure student achievement and usher in the era of standardized educational testing. • John B. Watson • American theorist • Ideas was to discourage emotional ties between parents and children because they interfered with the child's direct learning from the environment.

6. Cognitive • Cognitive theory is a learning theory of psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes. The assumption is that humans are logical beings that make the choices that make the most sense to them. Information processing is a commonly used description of the mental process, comparing the human mind to a computer.

7. Jean Piaget • To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. Accordingly, children construct an understanding of the world around them, then experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment

8. Sociocultural • Sociocultural theory is a emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live.

9. Lev Vygotsky • Sociocultural theory grew from the work of seminal psychologist Lev Vygotsky, who believed that parents, caregivers, peers and the culture at large were responsible for the development of higher order functions. • Sociocultural theory focuses not only how adults and peers influence individual learning, but also on how cultural beliefs and attitudes impact how instruction and learning take place.