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Siena Wiedmann , William Pickering, Amber Hopkins, Ariel Braunstein , Faye Ogawa Period 1

BIOChemistry. Siena Wiedmann , William Pickering, Amber Hopkins, Ariel Braunstein , Faye Ogawa Period 1. Atoms. Atoms are the smallest units of matter. They are the building blocks of everything. The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Siena Wiedmann , William Pickering, Amber Hopkins, Ariel Braunstein , Faye Ogawa Period 1

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  1. BIOChemistry Siena Wiedmann, William Pickering, Amber Hopkins, Ariel Braunstein, Faye Ogawa Period 1

  2. Atoms • Atoms are the smallest units of matter. They are the building blocks of everything. • The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. • Protons=Positive charge • Neutrons=Neutral charge • Electrons=Negative charge

  3. Elements • Elements are pure substances that are made of only one type of atom. • Isotopes are elements with different numbers of neutrons. • Because isotopes have the same number electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.

  4. Key:

  5. Atomic Number The number of protons. Atomic Mass The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Element Symbol Name of Element

  6. Lewis Dots  • Shows the number of valence electrons. • It determines how elements combine.

  7. Chemical Bonding • When two elements chemically combine they form compounds. • Ionic bonds form when metals and nonmetals combine and transfer electrons. • Covalent bonds form when nonmetals and metals combine and share electrons.

  8. Water • A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. • Cohesion is attraction between molecules of the same substance. • Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances.

  9. Solutions and Suspensions • A mixture is a material composed of two or more elements combined physically, not chemically. • Solutions are mixtures of two or more substances in which the molecule of the substance is evenly distributed. • The solute is the substance that is dissolved. • The solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved.

  10. pH • An Acid is any compound that forms H+ ions. The closer to 0 the acid is the stronger it is. • A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions). The closer to 14 the stronger the base is. • Neutral is any compound that has a pH of 7.

  11. Organic compounds • Carbohydrates are groups of organic compounds that include sugar, starch, and cellulose. The subunit is monosaccharides. • Proteins are complex, organic compounds made up of amino acids. • Lipids are organic compounds that contains fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. They are made of fatty acid chains. • Nucleic acids are large, complex molecules that contain the hereditary information for all living things. They are made of nucleotides.

  12. Enzymes Enzymes speed up chemical reactions!

  13. Chemical Reactions • One or more substances are changed into new substances by making or breaking chemical bonds. • The reactants are what goes into a chemical reaction and the product is what comes out.

  14. 1. What is an atom? • A unit composed of nucleotides • The smallest units of matter • A unit containing active organelles • None of these

  15. 2. What is the atomic mass? • Number of protons • Number of neutrons • A & B • None of the above

  16. 3. What is this? • Atomic mass • Atomic number • Element symbol • None of the above

  17. 4. Which one of these is a chemical bond? • Salt dissolved in water • Ripping a piece of paper • Gluing feathers onto a hat • None of the above

  18. 5. Which one is NOT a covalent bond? • Water • Carbon dioxide • Nitrogen • All of the above

  19. 6. What does pH measure? • Acidity • How much water is in a solution • How sour a drink is • All of the above

  20. 7. What are the subunits of lipids? • Fatty acid chains • A nitrogen base • Carbon dioxide • French fries

  21. 8. How many Lewis dots are there for Carbon? • 4 • 8 • 3 • 42

  22. 9. What group is Neon (Ne) in?

  23. 9. What group is Neon (Ne) in? • Noble gas • Alkali Metal • Halogens d) Alkali Earth Metal

  24. 10. What is this? • Inactive Site • Protein • Active site • Ribosome

  25. Answer • B • C • B • D • C • A • A • A • A • C

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