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Personality

Personality. A person’s general style of interacting with the world People differ from one another in ways that are relatively consistent over time and place. Personality. Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Post-Freudian Theories. Psychoanalytic Approach.

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Personality

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  1. Personality • A person’s general style of interacting with the world • People differ from one another in ways that are relatively consistent over time and place

  2. Personality • Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Post-Freudian Theories

  3. Psychoanalytic Approach • Developed by Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalysis is both an approach to therapy and a theory of personality • Emphasizes unconscious motivation - the main causes of behavior lie buried in the unconscious mind

  4. Rational, planful, mediating dimension of personality Information in your immediate awareness Conscious Ego Superego Preconscious Information which can easily be made conscious Moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist dimension of personality Unconscious Id Thoughts, feelings, urges, and other information that is difficult to bring to conscious awareness Irrational, illogical, impulsive dimension of personality Psychoanalytic Approach

  5. Conscious Ego Superego Preconscious Unconscious Id Psychoanalytic Approach • Conscious - all things we are aware of at any given moment

  6. Conscious Ego Superego Preconscious Unconscious Id Psychoanalytic Approach • Preconscious - everything that can, with a little effort, be brought into consciousness

  7. Conscious Ego Superego Preconscious Unconscious Id Psychoanalytic Approach • Unconscious - inaccessible warehouse of anxiety-producing thoughts and drives

  8. Psychoanalytic Divisions of the Mind • Id - instinctual drives present at birth • does not distinguish between reality and fantasy • operates according to the pleasure principle • Ego - develops out of the id in infancy • understands reality and logic • mediator between id and superego • Superego • internalization of society’s moral standards • responsible for guilt

  9. Defense Mechanisms • Unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety

  10. Defense Mechanisms • Repression - keeping anxiety-producing thoughts out of the conscious mind • Reaction formation - replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite

  11. Defense Mechanisms • Displacement - when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redirected to a more acceptable activity by the ego • Sublimation - displacement to activities that are valued by society

  12. Defense Mechanisms • Projection - reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else • Rationalization - reasoning away anxiety-producing thoughts • Regression - retreating to a mode of behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development

  13. Psychosexual Stages • Freud’s five stages of personality development, each associated with a particular erogenous zone • Fixation - an attempt to achieve pleasure as an adult in ways that are equivalent to how it way achieved in these stages

  14. Oral Stage (birth - 1 year) • Mouth is associated with sexual pleasure • Weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly • Fixation can lead to oral activities in adulthood

  15. Anal Stage (1 - 3 years) • Anus is associated with pleasure • Toilet training can lead to fixation if not handled correctly • Fixation can lead to anal retentive or expulsive behaviors in adulthood

  16. Phallic Stage (3 - 5 years) • Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals • Oedipus or Electra complex can occur • Fixation can lead to excessive masculinity in males and the need for attention or domination in females

  17. Latency Stage (5 - puberty) • Sexuality is repressed • Children participate in hobbies, school and same-sex friendships

  18. Genital Stage (puberty on) • Sexual feelings re-emerge and are oriented toward others • Healthy adults find pleasure in love and work, fixated adults have their energy tied up in earlier stages

  19. Post-Freudian Psychodynamic Theories • Karen Horney’s focus on security • Object relations theories • Alfred Adler’s individual psychology • Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development • Carl Jung’s collective unconscious

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