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UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR. By: Casio, Mariel C. Pacas , Trina D. Vacunawa. Mark P. Clever Language. TOPICS Grammatically correct sentences Subject-Verb Agreement Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement. Clever Language Topics cont…. Consistent Tense of Verbs Simple Sentences Compound Sentences.
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UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR By: Casio, Mariel C. Pacas, Trina D. Vacunawa. Mark P.
Clever Language TOPICS Grammatically correct sentences Subject-Verb Agreement Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Clever Language Topics cont… • Consistent Tense of Verbs • Simple Sentences • Compound Sentences
TOPIC 1 SENTENCES
SENTENCE A group of words with two main parts: a complete subject and a complete predicate. * Together these parts express a complete thought.
SENTENCE Subject: • The topic of the sentence; • It names the person, concept, or thing the sentence is talking about; • About which something is stated, asked, ordered, or exclaimed by the use of finite verb.
SENTENCE Predicate: • What is said of the subject means “to say or declare”; • It is the action, state or condition which is stated, asked ordered, or exclaimed by the use of finite verb.
Subject and Predicate He wandered around in search of his wallet. Subject: He Predicate: Wandered around …
Subject and Predicate The butterfly with the golden wings landed. Subject: The butterfly… Predicate: landed
Subject and Predicate The tall pine trees swayed in the wind. Subject: The tall pine trees Predicate: swayed in the wind
Subject and Predicate The Bermuda Triangle lies between Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico Subject: The Bermuda Triangle Predicate: lies between…
ACTIVITY Recognizing Complete Subject and Predicates
TOPIC 2 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Subject-Verb Agreement To make a subject and a verb agree, make sure that both are singular or that both are plural. There are certain rules to follow to make the subject and the verb agree with each other.
Rules # 1 Nouns in plural form but singular in meaning take a singular verb. Examples: • Statistics is my favorite subject. • Measles attacks the whole town.
Rules # 2 Plural titles of the books, periodicals, films, and the like takes a singular verb. Examples: • Great expectations is our favorite. • The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is is my favorite book.
Rules # 3 Use do for plural subjects and does for singular subjects. But be sure that the main verb of the sentence is in its base form.
Rules # 3 Examples: • She doesn’t even want salt and sugar to scatter all over the pantry. • Does your office have any frame or design? • We don’t have any hi-tech office equipment.
Rules # 4 Fractions and percentage attached to non-count nouns take a singular verb; fractions and percentage attached to count nouns take a plural verb.
Rules # 4 Examples: • Half of the land was given to my brother. • Only a fraction of those desks are bought in the lowlands. • Two-thirds of the sand is not enough.
Rules # 4 Examples: d. Two-thirds of the units have exploded. e. Sixty percent of the registered voters are expected to vote this coming elections. f. Sixty percent of the land is forest.
Rules # 5 Periods of time, measurement, rate, amount, price, and weighs take a singular verb.
Rules # 5 Examples: • Its size is 12 square meters. • Six days is too short for this project. • Three hundred pesos per hour is my rate in the tutorial service.
Rules # 5 Examples: d. Fifteen thousand pesos is very inexpensive for this table. e. This is 10 kilos of sugar. f. I think 40 hours was spent to complete third year’s sales report.
Rules # 6 Collective noun regarded as one unit or acting as one takes a singular verb. Collective noun regarded as separate units or acting separately takes a plural verb.
Rules # 6 Examples: • The board has decided to fire the corporate secretary. • The board have argued about the issue of firing the secretary
Rules # 6 Examples: c. The council has approved the passing of the ordinance. d. The council are dividing themselves on the divorce issue.
Rules # 6 Note: if the verb in a statement implies agreement (e.g. decided, agreed, approved), the collective noun is considered singular.
Rules # 6 Note: if the verb in a statement implies disagreement (e.g. divided, argued, debated), the collective noun is considered plural.
Rules # 7 Compound subjects connected by and generally take a plural verb. However, if the compounded subjects refer to the same person, thing, or idea, use a singular vern.
Rules # 7 Examples: • My classmate and my friend are with me. • My classmate and friend is with me.
Rules # 7 Examples: c. The secretary and the minute-taker are present today. d. The secretary and minute-taker is present today.
Rules # 8 Compound subjects joined by not only…but also and both…and take a plural verb
Rules # 8 Examples: • Not only boys but also girls are entitled to scholarship. • Both you and I have the chance to be promoted.
Rules # 9 Multiple Subjects – Words or phrases (together with, as well as, in addition to, including, with, plus and accompanied by) added to a singular subject do not make it plural.
Rules # 9 Examples: • The table, together with its chairs, costs PhP 150, 000.00. • My friend, as well as my enemies, has supported my ideas. • James, in addition to Jericho and Greg, was sent off.
Rules # 10 Neither…nor and either … or follow the proximity rule. Meaning, the verb must agree with the subject nearest to the verb.
Rules # 10 Examples: • Neither Mario nor Jolo plays guitar. • Neither Mario nor his friends play guitar. • During weekends, either the janitors or guard does the cleaning.
Rules # 10 Examples: d. Either Anton or Badong is going to perform the task. ** Further, when either and neither are used without or and nor,respectively, a singular verb is needed
Rules # 10 Examples: • Neither of them plays guitar. • Either of them is going to perform the task. • Not Carlos but my friends perform every Sunday in the City.
Rules # 11 Few and Less/A Little; Many and Much – use few for count nouns and less/a little for noncount nouns. Hence, use singular verb for less and plural verb for few.
Rules # 11 Use many for count nouns and much for noncount nouns. Hence, use a singular verb for much and plural verb for many.
Rules # 11 Examples: • For the size of our office, few computers are enough. • A little effort is needed to clean it. • Less sugar was added to my coffee.
Rules # 11 Examples: d. Many are called but few are chosen. e. Much has been said about the issue of divorce.
Rules # 12 Some and all take a singular verb if followed by a noncount noun and plural if followed by a count noun.
Rules # 12 Examples: • Some people are desperate to live. • Some mayonnaise was spread on the sandwich. • I’m sure all your desks are imported.
Rules # 12 Examples: d. Almost all of them are from the Philippines. e. My mother is very organized that’s why all salt is tightly covered.
Rules # 13 Indefinite pronouns like every, each, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing, no one, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, and something takes a singular verb.
Rules # 13 Examples: • No one of my staff wants to give advice. • Each man and woman has the right to vote. • Nobody wants to be lonely.
Rules # 12 Examples: d. Everyone is really busy during weekends. e. If somebody calls, tell him I’m not home. f. Everybody is allowed to enter the room.
