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Advanced Research Methods PSYC325 Signal Detection Theory with special thanks to Dr. Murray White

Advanced Research Methods PSYC325 Signal Detection Theory with special thanks to Dr. Murray White. Dr. Jan Lauwereyns EA619, ext. 5042 Jan.Lauwereyns@vuw.ac.nz. Lecture notes, available on website http://pavlov.psyc.vuw.ac.nz/325 Brief concepts

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Advanced Research Methods PSYC325 Signal Detection Theory with special thanks to Dr. Murray White

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  1. Advanced Research MethodsPSYC325Signal Detection Theorywith special thanks to Dr. Murray White Dr. Jan Lauwereyns EA619, ext. 5042 Jan.Lauwereyns@vuw.ac.nz

  2. Lecture notes, available on website http://pavlov.psyc.vuw.ac.nz/325 • Brief concepts Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. New York: John Wiley.

  3. Response Stimulus Stimulus – Response Matrix

  4. Response Stimulus Response Stimulus

  5. Special die: three or naught

  6. The special die has to be 0 If the total is 3… The special die has to be 3 If the total is 14… The special die can be either 0 or 3 If the total is 8…

  7. If the total is 6… Special die = 0 Special die = 3

  8. Possible outcomes of each throw You say… The special die is…

  9. > > > > > >

  10. > 7 > 10

  11. > 7 > 10

  12. > 7 > 10 +$120 -$120

  13. Now let’s use a different die: A special die with three faces ‘6’ and three faces ‘0’ instead of three faces ‘3’ and three faces ‘0’

  14. Special die with 3’s and O’s There is no 3 There is a 3 Total of the three dice

  15. Special die with 6’s and O’s There is no 6 There is a 6 Total of the three dice

  16. Left liberal

  17. Right conservative

  18. beta versus d’ • Effects of • signal-to-noise ratio (d’) • decision criteria (beta) • Effects of • perceptual sensitivity • response bias

  19. Effects of Scene Context on Object Perception De Graef, Henderson, Hollingworth There is only a response bias Biederman & co. Context facilitates the perception of congruent objects

  20. Effects of Reward Expectation on Neural Mechanisms of Visual Discrimination

  21. Lauwereyns et al. (2002, Neuron): “wishful seeing” Reward leads to general increase of neural activity = bias effect; no change in d’

  22. Summary • Signal detection theory allows you to… • Consider choice situations systematically • Tease apart underlying processes • Sensitivity • d’ (“d prime”) • Signal to noise ratio • Information characteristics • Bias • beta (criterion) • Likelihood of response • Demand characteristics

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