Japan Modernizes Chapter 12: Section 2

1. Japan ModernizesChapter 12: Section 2 By: Taylor, Amanda, Kathryn, & Casey

2. Japan Ends its Isolation • Admired Germany;s army and the strong centralized government and used its constitution as a model for their own • Imitated Germany’s army and the skill of the British navy • Japan adopted the American system of universal public education and required that all Japanese children attend school. Their teachers often included foreign experts • Students could study abroad • Japanese built its first railroad in 1872, it connected from Tokyo, with the port of Yokohama, 20 miles to the sout • Almost no contact with industrialized world during time of isolation • Westerners tried to convince Japanese to open ports to trade • Treaty of Kanawaga- signed in 1854, stated that Japan opened two ports at which American ships could take on supplies.. Allowed U.S. to set up embassy in Japan • Meiji Reign- feared he was losing the country • 15 when he took over, and he reigned for 45 years • Feudal lords realized the private ownership of land prevented the entire country from benefiting from it • One of the first acts of the Meiji era was that they gave their land to the emperor Meiji

3. China Both Japan • Remains committed to traditional values • Loses numerous territorial conflicts • Grants other nation spheres of influence within China • Finally accepts necessity for reform • Have well-established traditional values • Initially resist change • Oppose Western imperialism • Considers modernization to be necessary • Borrow and adapts Western ways • Strengthens its economic and military power • Becomes an empire builder China Japan

4. Japanese Imperialism Grows • Japan became strongest military power in Asia • Forced Korea to open 3 ports to Japanese trade • China also considered Korea to be an important trading partner • Recognizing their similar interest Korea, Japan, and China signed a hands-off agreement; both countries pledged that they would not send their armies into Korea • In June 1894 China broke agreement • Chinese troops marched into Korea • Japan protested and send its troops to Korea to fights the Chinese • The Sino-Japanese war began • Japan drove china out of Korea, destroyed the Chinese army, and had begun taking over Manchuria • In 1895 China and Japan signed a peace treaty. Treaty gave Japan its first colonies Taiwan and Pescadores Islands

5. Japanese Imperialism Grows • Russo-Japanese Ward • Japanese victory changed the balance of power; Russia and Japan emerged as major powers and enemies • Russia and Japan went to war over Manchuria, which was under Chinese rule • In 1903, Japan offered to recognize Russia’s rights in Manchuria if the Russians would agree to stay out of Korea. Russians refused • In 1904, Japan launched a surprise attack. It struck at the Russian navy, which was anchored off the coast of Manchuria • Russo-Japanese War- Japan drove Russian troops out of Korea. Japan won brutal land battles and capture most of Russia’s Pacific fleet. It also ruined Russ’s Baltic fleet • Treaty of Portsmouth gave japn the captures territories. Forces Russia out of Korea • Korea under Japanese Occupation • Japan shut down Korean newspapers and took over schools. They replaced the study of Korea to Japan. Took away Korean farm land and gave it to Japanese settlers