Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. What type of STD could possibly be causing this to happen?

3. What is an STI/STD? • STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. Sexually transmitted diseases can also be called sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 

4. STDs are spread through sexual behavior or contact. Some STDs are also transmitted through skin-to-skin contact or body fluids such as blood, vaginal fluids, breast milk, pre-ejaculate, or semen.

5. STDs generally infect the genital area (penis, scrotum, vulva, and vaginal opening), anus, or mouth, although they can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

6. Prevalence • Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States today. • More than 20 different STDs have been identified, and 13 million men and women are infected each year in the United States.

7. An estimated 1 in 4 sexually active teens are infected with an STD

8. What kinds of STDs are out there? • Bacterial infections are caused by a germ or bacteria. They include Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. These can usually be cured by taking antibiotics.

9. Viral infections are carried in a person's body and can't be cured by medicine. They include herpes, HPV, Hepatitis B and C, and HIV. The symptoms--sores, warts, or other health problems--can be treated, but the virus may stay with the person for life, and can be passed to partners.

10. Parasitic infections are tiny bugs that live in the pubic hair and genital area. They include scabies and pubic lice ("crabs"). They can be spread during sexual contact and from sharing bath towels, bedding, and clothing. Scabies and lice are generally eliminated with prescription soap.

11. Chlamydia • Most common bacterial STD • No symptoms in 80% of women and 50% of men • Discharge from the vagina or the penis, burning or pain during urination • Transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact • Ectopic pregnancy and infertility for women most serious complications  • Treatable with antibiotics

12. Genital Herpes • One type of herpes typically causes cold sores in the mouth, and another type causes genital sores; however, each type can cause either type of infection.  • Recurring outbreaks of blister-like sores on the genitals

13. Genital Herpes • Can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during birth • Reduction in frequency and severity of blister outbreaks with treatment but not complete elimination of infection.

14. Gonorrhea • Discharge from the vagina or the penis • Painful urination • Ectopic pregnancy and infertility for women most serious complications • Treatable with antibiotics

15. Syphilis • Mild symptoms, often goes undetected initially • Starts with painless genital ulcer that goes away on its own • Rash, fever, headache, achy joints • Treatable with antibiotics • More serious complications associated with later stages of disease if undetected and untreated

16. Syphilis • What is Syphilis? • An STD caused by the bacterium Treponema Pallidum. It is often called “the great imitator” because so many of the signs and sypmtoms are the same as those of other diseases

17. Signs and Symptoms • Stage 1- The Primary Stage • A single sore appears (sometimes multiple) • On average it takes 10-90 days for symptoms to appear. • The sore is usually firm, round, small, and painless • It appears where the Syphilis entered the body • It lasts for 3 to 6 weeks and goes away without treatment. • Without treatment the infection progresses to stage 2

18. Signs & Symptoms Cont. • Stage 2- The Secondary Stage • Skin rash • Appears right after the sore has gone away on the palms of your hands and bottoms of your feet. • Its not itchy, but is rough and red or reddish brown • The rash goes unnoticed sometimes and resembles other illnesses • Other symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands, soar throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and fatigue

19. Signs & Symptoms Cont. • Stage 3- The Latent or Hidden Stage • The previous signs and symptoms have disappeared, but the infection is still in your body. Latent symptoms can appear 10-20 yrs after infection. • They can cause damage to the nerves, brain, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. • Symptoms include paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, dementia, and sometimes death.

20. Treatment • If you have had syphilis for less than a year a shot of penicillin into your muscle will cure you. • Multiple doses of penicillin are needed for those who have had syphilis for over a year.

21. Prevention • Use a condom • Abstinence • Talk to your partner about being tested • Ask your partner their past sexual history

22. Gonorrhea • What is Gonorrhea? • A sexually transmitted disease that often times does not have any symptoms.

23. Signs and Symptoms of Gonorrhea • Women • Pain or burning when you pass urine • Vaginal discharge • Another STD such as Chlamydia • Men • Discharge and/or Pain inside your penis • Pain or burning when you pass urine • Another STD such as Chlamydia

24. Treatment • It can be treated and cured with antibiotics • Finish all medication you are given • Don’t share your medication, you need all of it • After treatment, if symptoms persist, go back to see your doctor

25. Prevention • Abstinence • Have sex with someone who is not infected and has only had sex with you • Use of a condom

26. Fun Facts • 700,000 new cases appear annually in the U.S • Increases susceptibility to HIV by 2-5 times the norm

27. Chlamydia • What is Chlamydia? • A sexually transmitted disease that often times does not have any symptoms.

28. Signs and Symptoms • Women • Unusual discharge from your vagina • Burning when you urinate • If the infection spreads fever may occur or pain during sex • Men • Discharge from your penis • Burning or itching from the opening of your penis when you urinate

29. Treatment • Treated and cured with antibiotics • Finish off all medication to be sure you are cured • See your doctor if treatment doesn’t work • Get tested three or four months after finishing treatment.

30. Prevention • Abstinence • Have sex with someone who is not infected and has only had sex with you • Use of a condom

31. Fun Facts • 2.8 million new infections annually in the US • You should be tested if • you are having sex or have a new sex partner • you are pregnant • 40% of untreated cases lead to PID

32. Genital Herpes • What is genital herpes? • An STD that usually will go undetected, but may cause painful blisters and sores. • There are two types of Genital Herpes HSV-1 and HSV-2 1 2

33. Signs and Symptoms • Painful blisters or sores around the genitals and anus • These sores will heal in about 2-4 weeks • Feeling like you have the flu (while sores are present) • Sores that comeback frequently over a year. Presence of sores is called an outbreak.

34. Treatment • There is no cure for genital herpes, but symptoms can be treated • Some medicines can prevent the blisters or make them go away faster • If you have recurring outbreaks daily suppressive therapy can reduce the chance of passing it to your sex partners.

35. Prevention • Abstinence • Have sex with someone who is not infected and has only had sex with you • If your partner notice symptoms of an outbreak see a doctor before having sex

36. Fun Facts • 1 million new cases arise each year in the US • If you are pregnant and have genital herpes the doctor may do a C-section • Even if you are wearing a condom there is a possibility of getting herpes where the condom does not cover • 45 million people ages 12 and older have Genital Herpes

37. Genital HPV • What is Genital HPV? • Genital HPV (human papillomavirus) is the most common STD in the United States. At least 50% of sexually active people will have genital HPV in their lifetime.

38. HPV • 100 strains of the virus, 40 live in the genital area and are sexually transmitted • 75% of sexually active people will contract HPV during their lifetime • Spread through skin-to-skin contact and body fluid • 70% of cervical cancers are caused by only two strains • 90% of genital warts are caused by two different strains • Can only be prevented through complete sexual abstinence

39. Signs and Symptoms • Low risk HPV • Causes genital warts • The warts are usually painless • Can be flat or raised, single or grouped, and small or large. • High risk HPV • Causes changes that lead to cancer • Can lead to cancer of the cervix and also anal cancer

40. Treatment • No treatment for Genital HPV itself • The body will fight off the virus on its own • There are treatments for the problems that HPV can cause

41. Prevention • Most people who have sex will have HPV sometime in their life, but it will usually go undetected and not cause health problems • Women Should get Pap tests often to check for HPV • Young women and girls, Men and boys can get a vaccine that will protect them from 4 types of HPV. • Gardasil and Cervarix (Girls Only).

42. Fun Facts • 20 million people currently infected in US • The FDA has not approved a test for HPV in men • 80% of women will have contracted HPV by age 50 • 1 in every 2 sexually active people may contract HPV

43. PID • What is PID? • PID or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is the an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs. • Bacteria moves up from a woman’s vagina into her reproductive organs

44. Signs and Symptoms • Symptoms vary from none to severe. • Most women will get lower abdominal pain • They may also have: • Fever • Unusual discharge with a foul odor • Painful intercourse or urination • Irregular menstrual bleeding • And rarely upper right abdomen pain

45. Treatment • Several different antibiotics • Antibiotics will prevent severe damage to reproductive organs • Antibiotic treatment will not reverse any damage that has already occurred to the reproductive organs

46. Prevention • Women can prevent PID by being checked often for STDs and getting early treatment for STDs • Using a condom • Having sex with only one partner

47. Fun Facts • Sexually active women in their childbearing years are most at risk for PID • Women who douche or use an IUD (intrauterine device) are more at risk • PID is hard to diagnose because the symptoms are subtle and mild • Each year in the U.S more than 1 million women experience PID

48. Trichomoniasis • What is Trichomoniasis? • Trichomoniasis is an STD that is contracted by both men and women • The infection is usually unnoticed by a carrier

49. Signs and Symptoms • Usually has no symptoms • Women: • Unusual discharge with a strong smell from your vagina • Discomfort during urination and intercourse • Irritation or itching around your genitals • Men: • Irritation or burning feeling inside your penis • A discharge from your penis

50. Treatment • It can be treated and cured with antibiotics • Finish all medication you are given • Don’t share your medication, you need all of it • After treatment, if symptoms persist, go back to see your doctor