1. NASAL CAVITY PARANASAL SINUSES Dr. Andrea D Székely

2. THE COMPONENTS OF THE NOSE AND ITS FUNCTIONS • „air conditioning” • Mucociliariy transport • Mucosal barrier • RESONATOR • Olfaction EXTERNAL NOSE Part of the viscerocranium – bony basis • pyramid - frontal, nasal bones and maxilla compose the walls • Opening: PIRIFORMAPERTURE • Cartilagineous - membranous dorsum, apex and wings

3. NASUS INTERNUS – CAVUM NASI • 2 symmetrical halves • Septum – separates them septodorsal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer COMMON NASAL MEATUS superior/middle/inferior nasal meatus

4. ENTRANCE - EXIT PIRIFORM APERTURE CHOANAE N N PFN Li L FS PFN V CNM FP SN CNM SNP CNI LHOP SNA PPM PA

5. FLOOR PARTS: - palatinal proc. of maxilla - horizontal plate of palatine OPENING: - incisive canal FEATURES: - anterior nasal spine - nasal crest - posterior nasal spine - transverse suture - median suture CI CI PP CN LHOP

6. ROOF PARTS: - nasal bone - frontal (frontal sinus) - horizontal plate of ethmoid. - body of sphenoid OPENING: - cribriform lamina - sphenoidalaperture FEATURES: - common nasal meatus - sphenoethmoidal recess

7. MEDIAL WALL Os frontale, sinus frontalis OSSEOUS NASAL SEPTUM Os nasale Sinus sphenoidalis Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis Cartilago septi nasi Vomer Os palatinum Processus palatinalis maxillae PARTS: - vomer - perpendicular plate of ethmoid

8. Meatus nasi superior Meatus nasi medius Meatus nasi inferior LATERAL WALL 1 PARTS • Frontal process of maxilla 2. Hook of the lacrimal bone 3. Labirynthic lamina of ethmoid a. superior nasal concha b. suprema nasal concha c. middle nasal concha d. uncinate process b 3 a c 2 1 d 4. Inferior nasal concha 4 6 5 7 5. Body of maxilla; nasal surface 6. Perpendicular plate of palatine 7. Medial plate of the pterygoid proc.

9. LATERAL WALL 2 Meatus nasi superior 2 15 12 Meatus nasi medius . 3 13 10 Meatus nasi inferior 9 8 6 14 Meatus nasi communis OPENING AND FEATURES 1. Labyrinthic plate of ethmoid a., superior nasal concha b., supreme nasal concha 2.celullae ethmoidales post. c., middle nasal concha (cut) d., uncinate process 4 e., ethmoidal bulla 3. semilunar hiatus • ethmoidal infundibulum • (4. frontal sinus) • ant./middle ethmoidal cells • maxillary sinus 1 b a d 11 e c 5. inferior nasal concha 5 7 6. nasolacrimalcanal 7. perpendicular plate of palatine 8. orbital process 9. sphenoidal process 10. sphenopalatine foramen 11. sphenoidal sinus 12. sphenoidalaperture 14. Incisive canal 13. sphenoethmoidal recess 15. cribriform lamina piriform aperture and choanae

10. CONNECTIONS OF THE NASAL CAVITY 1) common nasal meatus where to, where from ?? Lamina cribrosa anterior cranial fossa (scala anterior) ill. foramina cribrosa Apertura piriformis face Canalis incisivus oral cavity "Y"-shaped canal Sphenopalatine foramen pterygopalatine fossa or pterygopalatine . Choana nasopharynx Sphenoidal aperture sphenoidal sinus sphenoethmoidalrecess 2) Superior nasal meatus posterior ethmoidal air cells 3) Middle nasal meatus Semilunar hiatus anterior and medialethmoidaircells (Btw ethmoidal bulla and uncinate process) front: ethmoid infundibulum /frontal sinus behind: aperture of the maxillary sinus (4) Inferior nasal meatus NasolacrimalCanal orbit

11. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NASAL CAVITY

12. Sinus frontalis Cellulae ethmoidales ant., medii, post. Sinus frontalis Sinus maxillaris (Highmore) Sinus maxillaris (Highmore) Sinus sphenoidalis 1 1. Frontal sinus 2.Ethmoidal air cells 5 2 3.Maxillary sinus 4.Commonnasal meatus 4 5.Orbit 3 7 6.Oral cavity proper 7. Upper teeth 6 8. Lower teeth 8 PARANASAL SINUSES Meatus nasi medius • meatus nasi superior • meatus nasi medius Meatus nasi medius Meatus nasi communis Functions: • to reduce the weight of the skull by pneumatization • to form resonator spaces • to heat or cool the air • - to moisten the air

13. MAXILLARY SINUS Largest sinus Opens at the semilunar hiatus Important topogrphical relation to the roots of the upper molars and the orbit

14. FRONTAL SINUS Opens via the ethmoid infundibulum (containing the nasofrontal duct) at the frontal part of the semilunar hiatus

15. ETHMOIDAL LABIRYNTH Several openings - anterior/middle air cells open at the semilunaris hiatus - posterior air cells open at the superior nasal meatus

16. SPHENOIDAL SINUS Double cavity within the body of sphenoid openings – apertures within the sphenoethmoidal recess

18. THE LATERAL WALL  Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatinalis Labyrinthus ethmoidalis (+bulla ethmoidalis+processus uncinatus) Corpus maxillae Concha nasalis inferior Os lacrimale Os frontale Processus frontalis maxillae Os nasale