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Comparing Adjectives

Comparing Adjectives. Regular and Irregular Forms LFA 61 and 64 2012-2013. 3 Degrees of Adjectives!. Positive: long, high, strong Comparative: longer, higher, stronger Superlative: longest, highest, strongest. How to make comparatives. Add – ior for M/F, add – ius for N

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Comparing Adjectives

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  1. Comparing Adjectives Regular and Irregular Forms LFA 61 and 64 2012-2013

  2. 3 Degrees of Adjectives! • Positive: long, high, strong • Comparative: longer, higher, stronger • Superlative: longest, highest, strongest

  3. How to make comparatives • Add –ior for M/F, add –ius for N • longior, longius: longer • altior, altius: higher • fortior, fortius: stronger

  4. How to make superlatives • Add –issimus • Longissimus: longest • Altissimus: highest • Fortissimus: strongest

  5. There are always…exceptions  • Adjectives that end in –er form their superlatives by adding –RIMUS instead of –issimus • celer, celeris, celere CELERRIMUS • acer, acris, acre ACERRIMUS

  6. One more exception! • The adjectives similis, dissimilis, facilis, difficilis, gracilis, and humilis add –LIMUS instead of –issimus for the superlative • similis, simile: SIMILLIMUS (most similar)

  7. Using Comparatives in Latin • The man is stronger than the boy. • Virestfortiorquampuer. • Comparative + quam…the 2nd noun being compared is in the same case as the 1st noun. • Virestfortiorpuero. • Comparative + ablative… no “quam” is used, just put the 2nd noun in the ablative case. This is called the “ablative of comparison.”

  8. Declining Adjectives • See page 423 of your book for how adjectives decline. • Comparative adjectives –ior and –ius decline like 3rd declension nouns (see next slide) • Superlative adjectives –issimus, -issima, -issimum decline like 1st and 2nd declension nouns.

  9. altus, -a, -umaltior, altiusaltissimus, -a, -um • M/F (sg.) N (pl.) • altioraltius • altiorisaltioris • altiorialtiori • altioremaltius • altiorealtiore • M/F (pl.) N (pl.) • altioresaltiora • altiorumaltiorum • altioribusaltioribus • altioresaltiora • altioribusaltioribus

  10. Comparing Adjectives Practice(turn in to box) • Write the positive, comparative, and superlative forms (Latin and English) for the following adjectives: • gratus • nobilis • clarus • levis • longus

  11. Irregular Adjectives • English has irregular adjectives: • Good, better, best • NOT good, gooder, goodest • Latin has irregular adjectives, too! • THESE ARE YOUR VOCABULARY WORDS FOR THIS SECTION: BE SURE TO COPY AND STUDY THEM!

  12. Irregular Adjectives • bonus, -a, -um • melior, melius • optimus, -a, -um • English derivatives: • ameliorate • optimist • good • better • best

  13. Irregular Adjectives • malus, -a, -um • peior, peius • pessimus, -a, -um • English derivatives: • pejorative • pessimist • bad • worse • worst

  14. Irregular Adjectives • magnus, -a, -um • maior, maius • maximus, -a, -um • Engish derivatives: • major • maximum • big, great • bigger, greater • biggest, greatest

  15. Irregular Adjectives • parvus, -a, -um • minor, minus • minimus, -a, -um • English derivatives: • minor • minimum • small • smaller • smallest

  16. Irregular Adjectives • multus, -a, -um • plus (nom.), pluris (gen.) + genitive noun • plurimus • much, many • more • most, very many

  17. How “Plus” Works • Plus is a neuter noun. It takes a genitive. • More food = plus cibi (lit., “more of food”) • More money = plus pecuniae (lit., “more of money”)

  18. Additional Vocab: • extremus, -a, -um: farthest, last, end of • inferior, inferius: lower • proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next (w./dative) • summus, -a, -um: highest, top of • ulterior, ulterius: farther • ultimus, -a, -um: farthest

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