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Understanding Wave Behavior: Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction Explained

In this chapter, we explore how waves behave when they encounter new mediums, focusing on three key phenomena: reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Reflection occurs when waves hit a barrier, bouncing back due to Newton's third law. Refraction is the bending of waves as they transition between mediums with different speeds, while diffraction involves the spreading of waves as they pass through openings or around barriers. Additionally, we examine interference, including constructive and destructive types, which alter wave amplitudes.

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Understanding Wave Behavior: Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 15: Waves Section 3: Waves behave in predictable ways.

  2. When waves encounter a new medium, one of three things can happen: • Reflection • Refraction • diffraction

  3. Reflection • This is what occurs when waves meet a new barrier that they can’t move through. • When a wave meets a medium that it can’t travel through (a barrier), the wave exerts a force on the barrier. • Newton’s third law causes the barrier to push the wave back in the opposite direction. This is reflection.

  4. Examples of reflection • Your reflection in the mirror • Sound reflecting back from a sound shell during a concert • An echo reflecting back to you • Waves crashing against the side of a ship

  5. Refraction • This occurs when a wave changes from one medium to another. • Because waves travel at different speeds in different mediums, the wave bends, or refracts, when it enters the new medium. • Ex: straw in a glass of water

  6. Diffraction • Occurs when waves travel through an opening in a barrier. • After the waves go through the barrier, they spread out in all directions. • Also occurs when waves spread out to go around the sides of a barrier.

  7. Interference • Occurs when two waves meet and combine. • Two types of interference: • Constructive • destructive

  8. Constructive Interference • Occurs when two waves coming from different directions temporarily come together. Their crests and trough have to ‘match up’. • Look at the example in your book on page 507. • When constructive interference occurs, the amplitudes of the two waves are added together to make one wave that has twice the amplitude. • A larger wave is CONSTRUCTED

  9. Destructive Interference • Occurs when two very similar waves meet and the crest of one matches up with the trough of the other. • This causes the resulting wave to be smaller. • If the two waves with the same amplitude match up perfectly (crest to trough), then the energy of the waves will cancel each other out (the wave will be destroyed). • Look at the diagram on pg. 508. • Also look at the bottom left corner of the photo on pg. 508.

  10. http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/waveInterference2/WaveInterference2.htmlhttp://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/waveInterference2/WaveInterference2.html • http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/refractionanddiffraction/quiz/

  11. Model of a wave • Use craft materials to construct a transverse OR a longitudinal wave. • Label the parts of the wave • Transverse wave: crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength, resting point • Longitudinal wave: compression, rarefaction, wavelength

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