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North America

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North America

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    1. North America Canada The United States

    2. North America Map

    3. Background Preparation “Home” Earliest Americans Lady Liberty American identity

    4. Canada Site 1: Cape Breton Fiddling

    5. Arrival: Canada First Nations The French Nova Scotia

    6. Site 1: Cape Breton Fiddling First Impressions Celtic clogging Aural Analysis Fiddle carries melody Piano and guitar provide harmony Steady “compound” meter

    7. Cultural Considerations Cape Breton Scottish connection Gaelic song and dance

    8. The United States Site 2: Ballads Site 3: Lined Hymn Site 4: Shape-note Song Site 5: Bluegrass Site 6: Spiritual Site 7: Gospel

    9. Arrival: The United States Southern Appalachia The “Deep” South Native Americans

    10. Site 2: Ballads First Impressions A front porch lullaby Aural Analysis Tells a story Death, danger, and depression Unaccompanied vocal solo

    11. Cultural Considerations British origins Ballad hunting Cecil Sharp (1859-1924) Ballad influence today

    12. Site 3: Lined Hymn First Impressions Recitation and a “sonic smudge” Aural Analysis Moderator “lines out” the hymn Congregation repeats verse Obscure melody and meter

    13. Cultural Considerations John Calvin (1509-1564) Scottish psalm singing Old Regular Baptists

    14. Site 4: Shape-note Song First Impressions Strident singing with a steady beat Aural Analysis Nasal timbre, no instruments Solfege, then verse Harmony - “Fuging tune”

    15. Cultural Considerations “Old Way” versus “Regular Singing” Singing Schools Shape Notes The Sacred Harp All-day “Sings”

    16. Site 5: Bluegrass First Impressions “High Lonesome Sound” Aural Analysis High tenor harmony Acoustic string band Instrumental solo breaks

    17. Cultural Considerations Urban “hillbilly” music Bill Monroe and the Bluegrass Boys Folk festivals

    18. Site 6: African-American Spiritual First Impressions Congregational church song Aural Analysis “Freer” rhythm “Moaning” Repetition of melody and lyrics

    19. Cultural Considerations Hopeful texts Old Testament inspiration Double meanings Underground Railroad Harriet “Moses” Tubman (1820-1913)

    20. Site 7: African-American Gospel First Impressions “Joyous” church choir Aural Analysis Electric organ, etc. Vibrant rhythm Major key Memorable lyrics and melody

    21. Cultural Considerations “Get Happy” texts New Testament inspiration Gospel styles Popular influence

    22. Site 8: Country Blues First Impressions Emotionally raw music Aural Analysis “Troubled life” lyrics Guitar “conversation” 12-bar blues “Blue” notes

    23. Cultural Considerations Blues roots Juke joints & “Cuttin’ Heads” Race records City blues

    24. Site 9: Conjunto First Impressions “Spanish” polka Aural Analysis Button-box & bajo sexto “Snappy” staccato sound Serenading singing

    25. Cultural Considerations Norteño dance bands Narciso Martínez (1911-1992) Tejano music

    26. Site 10: Cajun Music First Impressions “French” polka Aural Analysis Button box, fiddle and triangle Simple melody Two-step rhythm

    27. Cultural Considerations Acadians and Creoles Bals de maison and the Do-do Zydeco Washboard

    28. Arrival: Native American Reservations Native American cultural regions Reservations in many US states, also Canada Music for religion, remembrance and recognition

    29. Site 11: Plains Chippewa Song First Impressions “Warbling” voices with “heartbeat” drum Aural Analysis Unison pulse singing Cascading melodic contour Vocables “Mother Earth” drum

    30. Cultural Considerations Powwow Casinos and contests Regalia

    31. Site 12: Native American Flute First Impressions Sound of the “wind” Aural Analysis End-blown wooden flute “Distant” timbre Clear melodic phrases No clear meter

    32. Cultural Considerations Courting rituals and storytelling New Age movement Flute circles

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