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World War II Leaders and Strategies: A Historical Overview

Discover the key figures, events, and decisions that shaped World War II, including Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and more. Learn about the alliances, battles, and post-war plans that defined this pivotal period in history.

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World War II Leaders and Strategies: A Historical Overview

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  1. World War II

  2. Franklin D. Roosevelt • U.S. • President • President for most of WWII • U.S. representative at the Yalta Conference

  3. Adolf Hitler • Germany • Chancellor • Dictator of Germany • Known for his attempt to exterminate Jews from Europe

  4. Emperor Hirohito • Japan • Emperor • Japan’s god-like leader • More of a figurehead

  5. Tojo Hideki • Japan • President • Ran the show for Japan

  6. Benito Mussolini • Italy • Dictator • Established fascism in Italy

  7. Winston Churchill • England • Prime Minister • U.S.’s biggest ally • Met with FDR in Canada for the Atlantic Charter • Also at Yalta & Potsdam Conferences

  8. Joseph Stalin • Soviet Union • Prime Minister • Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII & beginning of the Cold War • Took part in Yalta & Potsdam Conferences

  9. Harry Truman • U.S. • President • President for the end of WWII • Decided to drop atomic bomb on Japan • Represented U.S. at Potsdam Conference

  10. Dwight D. Eisenhower • U.S. • Supreme Allied General • Supreme Allied Commander of Europe • In charge of D-Day operation

  11. Douglas MacArthur • U.S. • Pacific General • U.S. commander in the Pacific

  12. Charles de Gualle • France • Exiled leader • Ran “French” gov’t from exile in England

  13. Chiang Kai-Shek • China • President • U.S. backed leader of the Nationalist Party

  14. Francisco Franco • Spain • Dictator • Set up a totalitarian state in Spain

  15. Fascism • A political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic gov’t headed by a powerful dictator

  16. Nazism • Political philosophy based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism

  17. Germany, Italy, & Japan

  18. Appeasment • Giving in to aggressor demands to keep peace

  19. America Prepares for War

  20. Neutrality Acts of 1935 & 1937 • U.S. would stay totally neutral in European conflicts • Whose advice? _____________________ George Washington

  21. Lend – Lease Program • U.S. would lend moneyand weaponsto British & Soviets; who would returnthem or replacethem after the war. • “You break it, you buy it!”

  22. Atlantic Charter • FDR meets with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Canada to discuss plans if the U.S. enters the war

  23. Draft • First peacetime draft in U.S. for men 21 – 45 years old

  24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY WWII Casualties @ Pearl Harbor • The following is a list of how many people were killed on Dec. 7, 1941 as a result of the Japanese attack upon Pearl Harbor. • US Navy 2,008 KIA • USMC  109 KIA • US Army  218 KIA • Civilians  68 Total 2,403

  25. 110 minutes ~ 7:55am -9:45am • Close to 2/3 of those who died occurred in the first 15 minutes of the battle when the Oklahoma, Utah and the Arizona were bombed. • Japanese Casualties: • 64 dead • 1178 wounded

  26. Military Strength • GI – Government Issue • 3 months • 3 months

  27. Women in WWII • 20 – 49 years old • 2 years of high school • Non-combative units • 2 million replaced men in factories • Got 60% less pay

  28. Blacks in WWII • One million entered; 500,000 served overseas • Were segregated • Over a million blacks, Indians, & Mexican – Americans entered the workforce • Even more blacks moved north to cities

  29. Japanese Americans in WWII • Called the Nesei (ne – say) • Also were segregated • Received more decorations than other minority combat units

  30. Victory in Europe D-Day • Allied invasion of Europe • Allies land on beaches of Normandy, France • Dwight D. Eisenhower was the supreme Allied Commander VE-Day • Victory in Europe Day (May 8, 1945)

  31. Victory in Pacific Island – hopping • U.S. military tactic of liberating one island at a time in the Pacific Gen. Douglas MacArthur • Commander of U.S. fleet in the Pacific • Liberated the Philippines

  32. ATOMIC BOMB http://www.carloslabs.com/node/16

  33. WWII Injustices Korematsu v. United States • Because Japanese – Americans were seen as a threatto the war and national security, their constitutional rights couldbe taken away. • They were rounded up from the west coast and sent inland to be guarded by the military in internment camps

  34. Nuremberg Trials • Convicted Nazi war criminals(Holocaust) • Officials(head honchos) could be held accountable for you actions

  35. POST WWII PLANS

  36. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) • Participants (FDR, Churchill & Stalin)

  37. Germany would be divided into 4 partsa. (U.S., England, France, USSR would control a zone)

  38. 2. Free election in Poland (not kept)

  39. 3. Plans for a United Nations • International peace-keeping organization set up after World War II

  40. 4. USSR pledges to declare war on Japan

  41. 5. USSR would recognize Chiang Kai-Shek’s democratic Chinese government (not kept)

  42. 6. Soviet Union would have influence in Eastern Europe

  43. Potsdam Conference (July 1945) Participants • Truman, Churchill, and Stalin

  44. Terms of Conference • German’s war reparations based on how much they could afford • Soviet – U.S. spheres of influence around the world • Discussion over the atomic bomb

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