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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. 1941-1945. Quiz. 1. 2. The expansionist and aggressive actions of two nations led to the outbreak of WWII. Name these two countries. 3.What impact did World War II have on the U.S. economy?

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II 1941-1945

  2. Quiz • 1. 2. The expansionist and aggressive actions of two nations led to the outbreak of WWII. Name these two countries. • 3.What impact did World War II have on the U.S. economy? • 4. True or False: American war production and factory output were key factors in the Allied victory of World War II. • 5. True or False: World War II reduced the number of job opportunities for women, African Americans, and other minorities in the U.S.

  3. What were the Primary Causes of World War II ? • 1. Terms of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of WWI-harsh terms for Germany • 2. Failure of appeasement • 3. The rise of dictators and the aggressive (expansionist) actions of Germany and Japan • 4. Failure of the League of Nations to keep world peace • 5. Global economic crisis of the 1930s led to problems in many countries.

  4. WWII: Allied and Axis Powers Allied Powers Axis Powers Great Britain France Soviet Union U.S. (1941) China (Italy joins Allies after war begins) Germany Italy Japan

  5. Statistics on WWII • No war in history killed more people or destroyed more property than WWII . • WWII was a TOTAL war. Over 70 nations took part in the fighting. • Over 70,000,000 people served the armed forces during the war.

  6. What impact did WWII have on the U.S.? • 1. The U.S. emerged from the conflict with the most powerful military in the world. • 2. It ended the Great Depression and put Americans to work • 3. It changed the roles and expectations of women and minorities • 4. WWII increased the size and power of the federal government. • 5. The war marked the beginning of the nuclear age and the commitment of the U.S. to an active role in international affairs.

  7. Mobilizing for War

  8. How did U.S. industries help the Allies win WWII? • U.S. quickly converted factories to war production: planes, rifles, tanks, ammunition, uniforms, etc… • U.S. workers produced 2x more supplies than German workers and 5x the war materials as Japanese workers. • 3. Automobile factories produced tanks and trucks instead of cars. • 4. Ford Motor company set up an assembly line for B-24 bombers • 5. By the end of the war, the auto industry produced almost one-third of all military equipment for the war. • ***American war production (industrial power) turned the tide in favor of the Allies • NOTE: America was a third rate military power in 1940. By 1945 it was producing more weapons and firepower than the rest of the world put together.

  9. Women workers groom lines of transparent noses for deadly A-20 attack bombers (1942) At Henry Ford's gigantic new plant at Willow Run, outside Detroit, an assembly line a mile long poured out B-24 bombers at a rate of a plane every 63 minutes.

  10. What steps did the U.S. Government take to promote production? • 1. Cost Plus Contracts-the government offered companies the cost of production plus a guaranteed profit to produce war supplies • 2. Reconstruction Finance Corporation –loaned money to companies to convert to wartime production

  11. What were Liberty Ships? • Liberty ship- basic cargo ship during WWII • Welded, not riveted, the ship was easy and cheap to build and much harder to sink than a riveted ship. • Damaged Liberty ships were easier to repair.

  12. Victory Ships ready for cargo

  13. Line up of some of women welders including the women's welding champion of Ingalls [Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, MS].

  14. What new agencies did the Government set up to organized the war effort? • War Production Board—setpriorities for war production and organized the distribution of raw materials and supplies to companies. • Office of War Mobilization– settled arguments between different agencies over supplies • *** WWII increases the power and size of the federal government and its control over the economy.

  15. What steps were taken to build up the U.S. Armed Forces? • Selective Service and Training Act –(1940) first peacetime draft in American military history • G.I. Bill of Rights –granted benefits and rights those who served in the military • Basic Training camps were set up across the nation • Women and minorities served in the military

  16. What was military service like for minorities? • Segregated Army –African Americans served in WWII but in separate units and facilities. Blacks were often assigned to support units. • Double V Campaign—African Americans said they were fighting for double victory victory over Hitler’s racism victory over racism at home • Native Americans –used their language and served as “code talkers” to sent coded messages during the war.

  17. Tuskegee Airmen

  18. African American Soldier

  19. http://www.history.com/videos/tuskegee-airman-luther-smith

  20. Native Americans in WWII—”Code Talkers”

  21. Comanche Code Talkers, WWII

  22. What jobs did women perform the military during WWII? • Women’s Army Corps (WAC) –women were barred from combat, but they were allowed to join the armed forces and take jobs to free men for combat. They worked as secretaries, drivers, nurses • WASPS-Women Air Force Service Pilots –ferried planes across the United States freeing up male pilots for combat • ***WWII opened up many opportunities for women in the military and in the workforce that had been off limits to them before the war.

  23. Women Air Force Service Pilots

  24. WACS Video • http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/women-in-the-cockpit

  25. The Holocaust was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany. Two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust were killed.

  26. Facts about the Holocaust • 6,000,000 Jews and 4,000,000 other Europeans were killed by the Nazis during WWII. 2. Two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust were killed. 3. Nazis persecuted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Slavs, and the disabled.

  27. Nuremberg Laws (1935) • Stripped German Jews of their rights and freedoms • Took away their citizenship • Jews could not marry other Germans • Jews could not hold public office or vote • Passports were marked with a red “J”and they were required to wear the yellow star of David • Jews could not work in many jobs=journalists, farmers, teachers, doctors, attorneys, or operate businesses

  28. An event unseen since the Middle Ages occurs as German students from universities formerly regarded as among the finest in the world, gather in Berlin and other German cities to burn books with "unGerman" ideas. Books by Freud, Einstein, Thomas Mann, Jack London, H.G. Wells and many others go up in flames as they give the Nazi salute. May 10, 1933.

  29. A hundred years earlier, the German-Jewish poet, Heinrich Heine, had stated, "Where books are burned, human beings are destined to be burned too."

  30. What was Kristallnacht? “Night of Broken Glass” • The German police staged attacks against Jews. • One report stated 7500 businesses had been destroyed and 267 synagogues burned. 91 Jews lost their lives.

  31. Jewish Refugees Try to Flee Germany • Albert Einstein escaped from Germany (Nobel Peace Prize, 1921) His scientific theories led to the creation of the first atomic bomb. • Anne Frank’s family went into hiding • Some fled Germany only to be turned away from other countries including Cuba, Mexico, Paraguay, Argentina, and Costa Rica. • In 1939, a ship full of Jewish refugees off the coast of Florida waited for days for permission to dock in the U.S. before they were turned away.

  32. What was the “The Final Solution” to the “Jewish Problem?” • Concentration Camps—Jews were loaded onto railroad cars and transported to camps where they worked as slave laborers. • Extermination camps– the weak, elderly and handicapped were executed in gas chambers. These mass executions increased in number during the war.

  33. Victims of the Holocaust

  34. Why Did the Holocaust Take Place? (Reasons why the Holocaust Occurred) • 1. The German sense of injury after WWI • 2. Severe economic problems blamed on the Jews • 3. Hitler’s control over the German nation • 4. Europe had a long tradition of anti-Semitism (prejudice and persecution of Jews) • 5. The lack of a strong tradition of representative government in Germany • 6. German fear of Hitler’s secret police

  35. USE YOUR NOTES AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON NOTEBOOK PAPER: • 1. List at least 5 ways WWII opened up opportunities for women and minorities. • 2. What factors contributed to the onset of the Holocaust? • 3. In what ways did the U.S. contribute to the Allied victory in WWII? • Place your work in the tray

  36. WWII: Early Battles

  37. World War II 1939- War begins in Europe 1941-U.S. enters the war 1945-WWII ends

  38. Who were the primary political leaders involved in WWII? • U.S.—Franklin D. Roosevelt (Harry Truman) • Great Britain---Winston Churchill • Soviet Union---Joseph Stalin • Germany—Adolf Hitler • Italy –Benito Mussolini • Japan—Hirohito and military leaders

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