Understanding STIs: Transmission, Symptoms, and Complications

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. STIs - Transmission • Oral, anal or vaginal sex • Skin to skin • Mother to unborn child • Non sexual contact (sharing towels, bedding) • Sharing needles

3. STIs – Common Symptoms • Rashes • Warts • Sores • Pain during Intercourse • Pain during urination • Abnormal Bleeding

4. Chlamydia • MOST COMMON STI!!! • Saskatchewan has the Highest rate of infection in Canada • BACTERIAL How do you get it? • Unprotected sex (vaginal, oral, anal) • Mother to baby

5. Chlamydia – Signs and Symptoms Female Male • Vaginal Discharge • Painful urination • Lower abdominal pain • Abnormal vaginal bleeding • Pain during intercourse • Eye or rectal infections • 80% have no visible symptoms • Clear, watery or milky discharge • Itchy urethra • Painful urination • Testicular pain • Eye or rectal infections

6. Chlamydia- Complications • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Ectopic pregnancy • Infertility • Chronic Pelvic Pain • Rashes, sores and joint pain • Treated - Antibiotics

7. This is what it looks like…

8. Gonorrhea • Second most common STI • BACTERIAL How is it transmitted? • Unprotected sex (vaginal, oral, anal) • Mother to baby

9. Gonorrhea –Signs and Symptoms Female Male • Vaginal Discharge • Painful urination • Lower abdominal pain • Abnormal vaginal bleeding • Pain during intercourse • Rectal pain, discharge or itching • Thick, yellow-green discharge from penis • Painful urination • Testicular pain or swelling • Rectal pain, discharge or itching

10. Gonorrhea- Complications • Increased risk of contracting HIV • PID • Chronic Pelvic Pain • Infertility • Ectopic Pregnancy • Inflammation of testicles • Infertility • Cured - Antibiotics

11. This is what it looks like…

12. Syphilis • Bacterial How is it Transmitted? • Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex • Direct contact with sores • Sharing needles • Mother to baby

13. Syphilis – Sign and Symptoms Primary Syphilis • 3 days to 3months after exposure – develop a sore called a chancre • Appears wherever bacteria entered the body Secondary Syphilis • Two to 24 weeks after exposure • Rash on body (palms of hands/soles of feet) • Patchy hair loss • Flat, smooth warts in the genital area Early Latent Syphilis • Usually asymptomatic • Lesions or rashes recur

14. Syphilis – Complications • Increases risk of transmitting or becoming infected with HIV • CV damage • Neurological system damage • Death • Cured - antibiotics

15. This is what it looks like…

16. Genital Herpes • VIRAL • How is it transmitted? • vaginal, oral or anal sex • Receiving oral sex from a partner with a history of cold sores • Mother to baby • Can be transmitted even if you partner has no visible signs or symptoms

17. Genital Herpes – Signs and Symptoms • Painful sores • Inflammation and redness • Fever • Muscular Pain • Tender Lymph nodes

18. Genital Herpes - Complications • Increases risk of transmitting or becoming infected with HIV • CANNOT BE CURED

19. This is what it looks like…

20. Hepatitis B • VIRAL • How is it transmitted? • vaginal, oral or anal sex • Infected blood • Shared household items • Mother to baby • Most high school students in Saskatchewan have received a vaccine in grade 6

21. Hepatitis B – Sign and Symptoms • Up to 50% of people have no signs or symptoms • Tiredness • Nausea • Vomiting • Rash • Joint Pain • Yellowing of eyes and skin

22. Hepatitis B - Complications • All contacts need to be vaccinated • Liver damage • Cannot be cured

23. HPV – Human Papilloma Virus“Genital Warts” • VIRAL • Estimated that 75% of the adult population will have a least one HPV infection in their lifetime • How is it transmitted? • Vaginal, oral and anal sex • Gentle rubbing/friction • Mother to baby

24. HPV – Sign and Symptoms • Many have no symptoms • Warts on the vulva, cervix, penis, scrotum anus or urethra (small, soft, flesh colored – look like cauliflower) • Itchiness • Discomfort during intercourse • Bleeding with intercourse

25. HPV – Possible Complications • Recurrences – COMMON! • Cancers • Obstruction of urethra or vaginal opening • Cannot be cured

26. This is what it looks like…

27. Pubic Lice/ “CRABS” • Parasite • How is it transmitted? • Intimate sexual and non sexual contact • Can live for two days in bedding, towels, and clothes of an infected person

28. Pubic Lice – Sign and Symptoms • Skin irritation/inflammation • Small blue/red spots on the skin where lice have bitten • Louse feces – small black particles – in the infected person’s undergarments • Looks like small black pin heads

29. This is what it looks like…

30. Trichomoniasis - TRICH • Parasite • How is it transmitted? • oral, anal, vaginal sex • Mutual masturbation

31. TRICH – Sign and Symptoms Male Female - irritation or redness at the urethral opening - Burning during urination or ejaculation • Off white or yellowish-green frothy vaginal discharge • Sore it itchy vagina • Pain during intercourse or urination

32. TRICH – This is what it looks like…

33. Summary • Bacterial – can be treated • Parasitic/Fungal – can be treated • Viral – cannot be treated you have them for life!!!