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WORLD WAR II

The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, marked a pivotal moment in World War II, leading to the United States' formal entry into the conflict. This surprise assault by Japan resulted in the destruction of numerous U.S. naval assets, prompting President Roosevelt to label it a "Day of Infamy." The subsequent declaration of war by the U.S. on Japan on December 8, 1941, and the rapid escalation of hostilities worldwide shaped the course of the war. This overview examines key events, battles, and alliances in both the European and Pacific theaters, highlighting the global impact of this attack.

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II Readings: Smith, et al., 950-955, 959-985

  2. JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR • Sneak Attack on U.S Naval Base • Destroys planes and battleships • Aircraft carriers out on maneuvers • Roosevelt: Day of Infamy • Admiral Yamamoto: “We have awakened a sleeping tiger”

  3. THE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR II • December 7: Pearl Harbor Bombed • December 8: U.S. Declares War on Japan • December 10: Britain Declares War on Japan • December 11: Hitler Declares War on the U.S. • Italy Declares War on the United States

  4. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS • EUROPE: • ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES • AXIS: • GERMANY AND ITALY

  5. WORLD WAR IICOMBATTANTS • ASIA: • ALLIES: • UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN • AXIS: • JAPAN AND GERMANY

  6. PROBLEM – SOVIET UNION • Stalin Creating 2nd • Superpower • 5 Year Plans – Rapid Industrialization • Collectivization of Agriculture – Increase Productivity to Feed Workers • Great Terror – • Forced Migration to • Siberia • Does it make it possible to do things not possible in Democracy

  7. U.S. – Fight war in Europe First • Stakes Highest • Hitler Dominating Europe • Much of War Fought in North Africa (September 1940-May 1943) • Mussolini wanted to reconstruct Roman Empire, invades Egypt • Germany bales out Mussolini • U.S. contributes tank force under Gen. George Patton • Patton defeats German General Erwin Rommel

  8. U.S. Britain, Canada invade Italy (July 10, 1943) • Mussolini forced to resign (July 25, 1943) • Rescued by Hitler September 15, 1943 • Creates Salo Republic in Northern Italy • Much of European fighting in Italy

  9. BATTLE OF BRITAIN • Massive Bombing • Germans Target London • Britain Targets German Cities • Civilian Casualties High • Firebombing of Dresden • Radar • Enigma Machines

  10. Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, 1941) • Germans Decide on “Final Solution” • Winter Threatens German Troops in Russia • Siege of Moscow • Battle of Stalingrad • Gen. Zhukov stops Germans advance (November 1942) – major turning point of war in Europe

  11. War in the Pacific • Japan invades Philippines (January 2, 1942) • Conquers most of Southeast Asia, Many Islands • U.S., allies, have to fight back island by island

  12. MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR • Moscow Conference (October 19-November 1, 1943) • U.S., Britain, Soviet Union agree to form United Nations • Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943) • Open up Second Front • Europe’s Soft Underbelly: Eastern Europe (Churchill) • France • Ultimately – Normandy Landing – D-Day June 6, 1944

  13. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS • EUROPE: • ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES • AXIS: • GERMANY AND ITALY

  14. MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR • Yalta Conference (February 1945) • Germany to be Disarmed and Denazified • German Leaders to be Tried as War Criminals • Each power would occupy part of Germany • Soviet Union could collect Reparations • United Nations would be formed • Agreed Soviets could supervise elections in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary • Agreed to divide Korea at 38th Parallel – if Soviets declared war on Japan

  15. END OF WAR IN EUROPE • Roosevelt dies (April 12, 1945) • Harry Truman becomes U.S. President • German Divisions in Italy Resign (April 28, 1945) • Mussolini and Mistress Killed by Anti-Fascists • Battle of Berlin (May 1, 1945) • Hitler and new wife Eva Braun commit suicide

  16. V-E Day in Europe (May 8, 1945)

  17. POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2, 1945) • Truman, Churchill/Atlee, Stalin confirm Yalta Agreement • Truman announces U.S. secret weapon

  18. Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

  19. SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN (AUGUST 8, 1945) • Soviets invade Korea, Manchuria

  20. U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)

  21. JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST 10, 1945)

  22. WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945) • Korea Divided at 38th Parallel • Germany Divided • “Iron Curtain” Descending Upon Europe • Nuclear Arms Race

  23. COLD WAR IN EUROPE • Fear of Communism in Greece, Italy, and France • Fear of Revival of Fascism in Germany • July 1947 – Marshall Plan • April 1949 – Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Orga1nization) • August 29, 1949 – Soviets detonate Atomic Bomb • 1955 – Soviets form Warsaw Pact • October 4, 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik

  24. European Union

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