Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections for Future Health

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections Nickee Palacios Future Method Weber-Morgan Health Department

2. Female Reproductive System

3. Male Reporductive System

4. Basic Facts • The media most often portrays the EMOTIONAL side of sexual activity. • Hurt, rejection, pregnancy, destroyed reputation, and STIs • Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections that a person can ONLY get through sexual activity • Bacterial and parasitic infections can be cured with medications • Viral infections, such as AIDS and herpes, have NO known cure. • More than 25 different STIs • Over 95% of all STDs are contracted through sexual intercourse.

5. Every time you have sexual contact with another person you run the risk of getting an STD.

6. Basic Information • Mutual lifetime MONOGOMY is the most effective way to prevent getting STDs. • Birth control pills DO NOTprevent STDs from being contracted. • Most STDs can be TREATED. • Even if the symptoms of the STD disappears, the disease may still be doing damage to the body. • Once you are CURED of an STD, you can still be reinfected.

7. STD Community Resources • Northern Utah Coalition : 393-4153 • People with AIDS Coalition of Utah: 484-2205 • Planned Parenthood: 479-7721 • Weber-Morgan Health Dept.: 399-7180 • Utah AIDS Foundation: 1-800-FON-AIDS

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9. Chlamydia M • Bacterial • The most WIDLY SPREAD STD. • Transmitted by: • Sexual contact (vaginal, anal, and oral sex) with an infected partner • Mother to child • 75% of women and 50% of men have no signs or symptoms

10. Chlamydia – Signs and Symptoms • Abnormal discharge from penis or vagina

11. Chlamydia – Signs and Symptoms • Abnormal discharge from penis or vagina • Burning feeling when urinating • Rectal pain, discharge or bleeding • Can be found in throat • Women: • Pain during intercourse • Painful periods • Men: • Burning and itching around the opening of the penis

12. Chlamydia - Complications • Women • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Infertility • Ectopic pregnancies • Chronic pelvic pain • Increased risk of getting HIV • Men • Infection of the urethra • Spread to the tube that carries sperm from the testis • Increased risk of getting HIV • In babies • Linked to premature delivery • Low birth weight • Respiratory disease • Eye infections, blindness in severe cases

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14. Gonorrhea M • Bacterial STI • Grows and multiplies in warm, moist, dark areas of the reproductive tract • Cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, urethra, rectum, anus, mouth, throat, and eyes • Transmitted by: • Sexual Contact (vaginal, anal and oral sex) • Mother to child

15. Gonorrhea – Signs and Symptoms • Creamy or green pus-like discharge

16. Gonorrhea – Signs and Symptoms • Creamy or green pus-like discharge • Painful urination • Sore throat • Rectal Infection • Constipation, itching, painful bowel movements • Men • Testicular pain • Women • Bleeding between periods or excessive bleeding during period • Irritation of vulva • Painful intercourse

17. Gonorrhea - Complications • Men • Epididymitis • Scarring in urine canal • Women • Major cause of PID • Ectopic pregnancies • Both • Can spread to blood or joints • Risk of HIV infection increases • Newborns • Pass to baby through birth canal • Joint infection • Life-threatening blood infection • Eye infection or blindness

18. Epididymitis

19. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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21. Syphilis M • Bacterial STI • Four Stages • Primary • Secondary • Latent • Tertiary • Transmitted by: • Direct contact with a syphilis sore • Vaginal, anal, or oral sex • Mother to child

22. Syphilis – Signs and Symptoms • Primary Stage • Appearance of a painless sore called a chancre • Sore forms where bacteria enters the body

23. Syphilis – Signs and Symptoms • Secondary Stage • Appears after chancre has gone away • Rough, red or reddish-brown rash on the bottom of the feet and the palms of the hands

24. Syphilis – Signs and Sypmtoms • Latent Stage • “Hidden Stage” • No signs or symptoms for years as bacteria multiplies and causes damage to the body • Tertiary Stage • Damage the heart and brain • Attacks the eyes, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints • Paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, and death

25. Syphilis - Complications • Easier to get and spread HIV • Newborns • Can become infected while still in womb • Miscarriage, stillbirth • Left untreated • Deformities • Delays in development • Seizures • Death

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27. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) M • Most common viral STI • 30 different virus can infect the genital area • Genital warts • Cervical cancer • Most people don’t know that they have it • Body’s immune system fights the virus in about 2 years • No cure, but it can be treated • Transmitted by: • Touching the genitals of an infected partner

28. HPV– Signs and Symptoms • Genital Warts – raised, flat, single, multiple, small, large, looks like the top of cauliflower

29. HPV – Signs and Symptoms • Cervical Cancer • No early signs or symptoms

30. HPV - Vaccine • Helps protect against 4 types of HPV • 2 types that cause 70% of cervical cancer cases • 2 types that cause 90% of genital wart cases • For girls and young women ages 9-26 • Three doses over 6 months • Vaccine doesn’t protect everyone or every type of HPV • Important to get routine cervical cancer screenings

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32. Genital Herpes M • Very common viral STI • 45 million people currently infected in the U.S. • 1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men • Two types • HSV-1 (infects the mouth and lips, “cold sores”) • HSV-2 (infects the genital area) • Transmitted by: • Sexual activity (vaginal, anal, oral sex) • Skin-to-Skin contact (hand-to-genital or genital-to-genital) • Mother to child • Can be given to another person even if no blisters are present

33. Genital Herpes – Signs and Symptoms • Small red bumps appear, develop into blisters, then become painful and itchy sores

34. Genital Herpes - Complications • Women and Men • No serious health concerns • Virus stay in body for life • Outbreaks can be severe in people with weakened immune systems • Makes people more at risk to HIV infection • Makes HIV+ people more infectious • Newborns and babies • Can be born with a herpes infection • Serious brain, skin or eye problems • Death a possibility • Mother will be given a C-section to avoid transmission to baby

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36. HIV/AIDS M • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) • HIV can be transmitted through BLOOD, vaginal secretions and semen. • The HIV/AIDS virus must pass from one person’s body fluids in to another BLOOD STREAM. • A positive HIV antibody test means that the person has been infected by HIV and can PASS IT ON. • AIDS is contracted through intravenous drug use and/or SEXUAL ACTIVITY. • AIDS is characterized by a reduction in white blood cell count and it can cause DEATH.

37. HIV/AIDS • AIDS doesn’t kill the person, opportunistic infections do Identified opportunistic infections Bacterial infections Cancers Viral infections Fungal infections Protozoal infections Neurological Conditions Canker sores Wasting syndrome Kaposi's Sarcoma

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39. Trichomoniasis • Caused by a parasite • Symptoms • Men • Rarely have symptoms • Women • Genital itching • Green-white or yellow discharge • Foul odor • Painful urination or intercourse • Transmission • Sexual intercourse

40. Pubic Lice • Insect • Sucks on blood • Lives on course hair • Symptoms • Very itchy • See spots on skin and pubic hair • Transmitted by: • Sexual contact • Sharing clothing, towels, sheets, etc. with an infected person • Can be treated with medicated shampoos