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Wines of North America

Wines of North America. Prof. Karen Goodlad Spring 2012. Introduction: Prohibition. Introduction: Prohibition. Introduction: Prohibition. Alcohol production and distribution was illegal in the United States from 1920-1933 Exception home production and use Prescriptions

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Wines of North America

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  1. Wines of North America Prof. Karen Goodlad Spring 2012

  2. Introduction: Prohibition

  3. Introduction: Prohibition

  4. Introduction: Prohibition • Alcohol production and distribution was illegal in the United States from 1920-1933 • Exception • home production and use • Prescriptions • Affect on the wine industry • Vineyards changed grape varieties and shipped to end user • Wineries closed • Not until the 1970’s did wine consumption reach pre-prohibition levels • ~1.5 gallons per capita

  5. Introduction: Current Trends • The Prominence and Quality of Wine in North America Has grown Significantly in the Last Three Decades • According to Adams Beverage the rise is attributed to: • Per Capital, Americans Drank 2.5 Gallons of Wine in 2009 • US is the #1 wine market in the world with 211.9 million cases sold in 2011, up 5.6% (Wine Institute Trends Article) • We are eating out more and ordering wine more as a result • "Critter" labels made wine seem more accessible in the early to mid 2000’s, those people have stayed loyal to wine • The impact of positive health news related to wine has had a continuing impact • We are entertaining at home more

  6. Wine Production & Consumption • America is the worlds 4th largest wine Producing Nation • 1, Italy; 2, France; 3, Spain; 4, USA; 5, Argentina • Within the US: 1, California; 2, Washington ; 3, NY; 4, Oregon • America is Ranked 56thin World Wine Consumption • 90% of Wine in America is Consumed by 10% of the Population

  7. Top Five Wine Companies in the US Source: Wine Business Monthly

  8. Labeling/Naming Wines • Proprietary Labels • Trademarked/Copy Write Opus One, Dominus, Thunderbird • Winery Name • Stags Leap, Robert Mondavi Winery, Cakebread • Varietals • Chardonnay, Merlot… • Generic Labels • Meritage, Chablis, Burgundy… • Other • Estate Bottled, Reserve, Late Harvest, Botrytis For More Info: US Government Guide & Professional Friends of Wine

  9. Wine Laws • Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) • Formerly known as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) • American Viticultural Area (AVA) • Geographically defined growing area • Petition BATF • Describe what makes the region different • Soil, climate, microclimate, history, watertable, elevation… • 1st AVA Augusta, Missouri, 1980 • As of October 2010 197 AVAs recorded in 35 different states

  10. Wine Laws • Varietal Name • Wine must be 75% from the named variety • In Oregon it is 90% (Cabernet Sauvignon is 75%) • Place Name • State 75% • Exception: CA, WA, OR = 100% • County 75% • AVA 85% (Washington State 100%) • Vintage • 95% from that harvest • Health Warning • Sulfite Warning

  11. New York State • 3rd Largest Wine Producing State • 9 AVAs, 230 Wineries as of 10/10 • Climate • Cool, Danger of Frost in Spring & Fall • Moderating Effects of Large Bodies of Water Create Micro Climates • Dominant Grape Varieites • 80% Vitis Labrusca: 33%Concord, Catawba, Niagara • ~15% Vitis Vinifera of mostly Bordeaux Varieties • Low Yields For More Info: Uncork New York

  12. NYS AVAs • Lake Erie AVA • Niagara Escarpment AVA • Finger Lakes AVA • Cayuga Lake AVA • Seneca Lake AVA • Hudson River AVA • North Fork, Long Island AVA • Hamptons, Long Island AVA • Long Island AVA

  13. Washington • Washington Wine Commission • 100% from AVA, 100% variety on label • No additives to change color, flavor, aroma • Reserve: 3000 cases or 10% of total wine production • No generic labeling • 11 AVAs • Stimson Lane = ~2/3 of WA state production: • Chateau St. Michelle (important sparkling wine producer), Columbia Crest • Partnership with Antinori (famous for Super Tuscans) growing Sangiovese and Cabernet for blending

  14. Washington • Cascade Mountains • West significant Rainfall, more moderate temperatures • East less rainfall, warmer days, cooler nights • 100º days  40º nights • irrigation is necessary • Long daylight hours • Dominant Grape Varieties • Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah

  15. Selection of Washington AVAs • Columbia Valley AVA (W & O) • 6 Sub Appellations as of 10/10 • Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O) • Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA • Less than ½ % of total vineyards • Yakima Valley AVA • Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA • 40% of Washington’s vineyards • Red Mountain AVA • Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA • One of the Smallest Appellation • Horse Heaven Hills AVA

  16. Oregon • Think Pinot Noir • Most Farm Using Sustainable & Environmentally Friendly Practices • Climate • Maritime • Dominant Grape Varieties • Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay

  17. Oregon’s AVAs • Columbia Valley AVA (W & O) • Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O) • Willamette Valley AVA • largest, 75% of production • Chehalem Mountains • Umpqua Valley AVA • Dundee Hills AVA • Rogue Valley AVA • Applegate AVA

  18. Comparison of Washington & Oregon

  19. Terms to Know • Prohibition • TTB • AVA • Labeling Laws

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