World War II

1. World War II

2. Requirements of Totalitarianism • What is totalitarianism? • One political party of group maintains complete control under a dictatorship and bans all others • What is expansionism? • Transformed the state into a militaristic and nationalist instrument of conquest • What is xenophobia? • Fear or hate of people different from you and strangers • What is anti-Semitism? • A hatred of Jewish people

3. Rise of TotalitarianismJapan and the Warlords • Emperor Hirohito • Raised up the strength of the army and overthrew the government leaving the emperor and army leaders in charge • What is this called? • Expansionism and Totalitarianism • They invade China because they hate and fear the Chinese because they were different • What is that called? • Xenophobia

4. Rise of Totalitarianism Italy and Fascism • Benito Mussolini • Wanted to restore Italy to a great world power • Mussolini banned all political parties except his Fascist political party • What type of government was he creating? • Totalitarianism • Mussolini also made Italy have a strong military and strong nationalism • What is that called? • Expansionism

5. Rise of TotalitarianismGermany and Nazism • Adolf Hitler • Thought the Aryan Race was superior • Believed that their supremacy allowed them to use genocide • Genocide is the extermination of a whole racial group • He hated the Jewish people and blamed them for their problems and war reparations • What is the hate of the Jewish people called? • Anti-Semitism • Hitler gets tons of support and the President gives him a high position • After he gets his job he eliminates all other political parties but Nazis and becomes dictator • What is that called? • Totalitarianism

6. Rise of TotalitarianismSoviet Union (Russia) and Communism • Joseph Stalin • Stalin was supported by the leaders at first • He began to make himself the sole leader • He also purged the Communist Party and military from anyone not loyal to him • He arrests and executes between 1.5 million and 7 million citizens • With only one party and a dictator, what was he doing? • Totalitarianism

7. Axis Aggression • Japan invades China • Italy invades Ethiopia • Germany takes back land lost in WWI • What does the League of Nations do? • Condemned the actions but had no power • Sign the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

8. Axis Aggression – More Germany • England and France let Germany just take and keep the territories as long as they promise not to take more, Why? • Germany signs a Non-Aggression Pact with Russia, What is it and why? • Germany goes on to use Blitzkrieg (lightning war) to invade Poland and many other countries • England and France finally declare war but… • Were not ready and France quickly loses and leaves who to fight alone? • Germany begins bombing Britain and now will attack…

9. Where is the US??? • We are…. • Isolationist, why? • Sad memories from WWI • Debts not paid back • Great Depression going on • Felt like we were pushed into WWI • Passed Neutrality acts but eventually let the Allies buy weapons

10. The US enters the War • The US feels sorry for China but still gives Japan metal and oil, what is it called when we stop trading these items? E… • Embargo, the day we do this Japan joined Germany and Italy • Later that year Japanese diplomats come to talk but the talks fail • December 7th 1941, the Japanese launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor forcing the US to declare war on Japan then Germany • Bombing

11. Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Axis powers are Black

12. At Home during the War • Production and employment is high • We are producing more than Germany, Italy, and Japan combined • We are still rationing, What could be rationed? • Gasoline, tires, sugar • Many people were also buying war bonds

13. Discrimination at Home during the War????? • Women – filling in for men but still getting paid less • Blacks – 1 million serve in the army but stayed at low ranks and were segregated. • Even blood donations • Many move North for less oppression and larger income • Japanese – the US put Japanese-Americans in camps • Deserts and swamps

14. Turning of the Tide • With success in both North Africa and Italy, the Allies felt it was time to attack the heart of Europe • D-Day • The largest seaborne invasion in history • The allies attack the beaches of Normandy, France

15. V-E Day • After the invasion of Europe, the Soviet Union, US and other Allied forces march their way to Germany • April 30th, 1945, with the Allies marching on Berlin, Adolf Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders a week later. • V-E Day?

16. V-J Day • The US “island hopped” in the Pacific Ocean and the Japanese were fighting fiercely • The Japanese even had kamikaze fighters • The Atomic Bomb • Hiroshima and Nagasaki 240,000 die with thousands more dying from radiation • Why the bomb? Would you?

17. Effects of World War II • 60 Million Die • 60 Million Displaced • Colonial Empires Collapse • Women’s Rights and Civil Rights become important • Rise of 2 superpowers – US and Soviet Union • Atomic Power creates political tension

18. Holocaust • Hitler hated the Jewish people, what is that called? • Anti-Semitism • Hitler had soldiers kill Jews at first • Eventually had them herded by train to concentration camps • Unskilled were killed in gas chambers • Skilled were starved and worked to death • 6 million Jews, prostitutes, handicapped, and political enemies were tortured and executed