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Understanding World War II: Key Terms and Concepts

This overview of World War II explores 33 essential terms that illuminate the complex history of the conflict. Key concepts include sanctions, the policy of appeasement, pacifism, and neutrality acts. Through these terms, we can better understand the economic and political strategies that shaped WWII and the various stances nations took in response to aggression. Learning these key terms offers vital insights into not only World War II but also the broader context of world history.

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Understanding World War II: Key Terms and Concepts

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  1. Honors World History 33 terms

    World War II

  2. World War II: key terms economic or political penalties imposed by one country on another to try and force a change in policy. Sanctions Giving in to aggressive demands to avoid war Appeasement Opposition to all war Pacifism
  3. Neutrality Acts a series of acts passed by the United States Congress from 1935 to 1939 that aimed to keep the United States from becoming involved in World War II. Passed during FDR’s Administration =>
  4. Axis Powers Group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in World War II
  5. Anschluss Union of Austria and Germany
  6. Sudetenland A region of western Czechoslovakia
  7. Nazi-Soviet Pact Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised NOT to fight each other and to divide up land in Eastern Europe
  8. Blitzkrieg A German word meaning “lightning war” A fast, forceful style of fighting used by the Germans in World War II
  9. Luftwaffe German Air Force
  10. Winston Churchill 1874 – 1965 British Prime Minister Opposed the policy of appeasement Let Great Britain through World War II One of “The Big Three”
  11. Vichy A city in central France where the Germans set up a puppet state governing unoccupied France and the French colonies *Can you find Vichy? =>
  12. General Erwin Rommel 1891 – 1944 German general during WW II Commanded the AfrikaKorps Nicknamed “the Desert Fox” due to his leadership
  13. Concentration Camps Detention sites created for military or political purposes to confine, terrorize, and, in some cases, kill civilians.
  14. Holocaust the systematic genocide of about six million European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. “Never again!”
  15. Lend-Lease Act act passed by the United States Congress in 1941 that allowed the president (FDR) to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense was considered vital to the United States. Roosevelt Signs the Lend-Lease Act 
  16. Rosie the Riveter popular name for women who worked in war industries during World War II.
  17. Aircraft Carrier ship that accommodates the taking off and landing of airplanes, and transport aircraft. USS Enterprise CV 6 The most decorated ship of the Second World War
  18. Dwight Eisenhower 1890 – 1969 U.S. General 24th President of the United States Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during WW II Led the Allied invasions of North Africa and of France (D-Day)
  19. Stalingrad Now Volgograd A city in southwestern Russia that was the site of a fierce battle during WW II.
  20. Battle of Stalingrad 1942 WW II battle between invading German forces and Soviet defenders for control of Stalingrad, a city on the Volga River Each side sustained hundreds of thousands of casualties Germany’s defeat marked a turning point in the war
  21. D-Day code name for the day that Allied forces invaded France during World War II, June 6, 1944.
  22. Yalta Conference meeting between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin in February 1945 where the three leaders made agreements regarding the end of WW II.
  23. “Big Three” The three key Allied leaders of WW II Winston Churchill of Great Britain Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the U.S. Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union The big3
  24. V-E Day Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945, the day the Allies won World War II in Europe.
  25. Bataan Death March during WW II, the forced march of Filipino and American prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military.
  26. Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) American general Commanded U.S. troops in the Southwest Pacific during World War Administered Japan after the war ended. (He later commanded UN forces at the beginning of the Korean War, until he was removed by President Truman.)
  27. Island-hopping during World War II, Allied strategy of recapturing some Japanese-held islands while bypassing others.
  28. kamikaze Japanese pilot who undertook a suicide mission.
  29. Manhattan Project Code name for the project to build the first atomic bomb during World War II. On December 6, 1941 the United States allied with Canada, and the United Kingdom to begin the Manhattan Project, which was to create the first atomic bomb. The project was headed by the Manhattan Corps of Engineers, while the scientific research was headed by physicist Robert Oppenheimer. There was a total of 175,000 people working on the Manhattan project but only a small group of people knew the secret ambition behind the project. The scientific research for the Manhattan Project took place in Los Alamos, New Mexico; and Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
  30. World War II: Nearing the end! Mid-sized city in Japan where the first atomic bomb was dropped in August, 1945 Hiroshima A coastal city in southern Japan on the island of Kyushu City in Japan where the second atomic bomb was dropped in August 1945 Nagasaki After finishing the war in Europe, the United States turned its attention to Japan. President Truman had to make an unprecedented decision!!!!
  31. but unfinished business remains….

    Japan Surrenders!

  32. a city in southern Germany where Hitler staged Nazi rallies in the 1930s, and where Nazi war crimes trials were held after World War II.

    Nuremberg&the nuremberg trials

  33. World War II This concludes our review!!!!! Happy studying. Good luck on the quiz. 
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