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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. SHADOW OF WAR. America Recovering from Depression Goal of USA Stay out of war Stay out of European affairs Stay out of Asian affairs Isolationism America’s goal of staying out of war at all cost. WAR IN ASIA. 1931 – Japan overran Manchuria in Northern China

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II

  2. SHADOW OF WAR America Recovering from Depression Goal of USA Stay out of war Stay out of European affairs Stay out of Asian affairs Isolationism America’s goal of staying out of war at all cost

  3. WAR IN ASIA • 1931 – Japan overran Manchuria in Northern China • World did not stop attack • 1937 – Japan declared war on China • Seized Peking – China’s capital city • Dec 12, 1937 – Japanese bombers sunk U.S.S Panay patrolling the Yangtze River (2 US crew members killed) • US accepted apology and $2 million

  4. GERMANY “The world will never Act against me, they will just protest.” -Hitler Rearmament – 1930s Builds up army and weapons Nonaggression Pact Germany would not invade Russia after the invasion of the Rhineland

  5. GERMANY’S AGGRESSION • March 1936 – German soldiers march on the Rhineland • Breaking the Treaty of Versailles • March 1938 – German soldiers march on Austria • Self-Determination(Hitler’s proclamation) • Claimed 3 million people lived in Sudetenland • Had right to be apart of 3rd Reich

  6. NON-AGGRESSION PACT • Signed by Hitler and Stalin • Neither nation would attack the other • Secretly planned to divide Poland • Shocked the world • Germany could now give full attention to conquering Europe without having a 2 front war

  7. ALLIED POWERS • Neville Chamberlain • Prime Minister of Great Britain • “Peace in our Time” • Appeasement Policy • France and Britain gave Sudetenland if Hitler and Germany • Hitler promised he would not take more land

  8. THE WAR BEGINS September 1, 1939 • Germany invades Poland England and France • Declare war on Germany

  9. BLITZKRIEG • Hitler’s war strategy • Lightning war or Flash war • All out, full go attack • Planes, tanks, Rockets, Troops • Meant to prevent counterattack • Show no mercy

  10. POLAND • Surrendered in 2 weeks • Russia invaded Eastern Poland • West Zone – German • East Zone – Russia • Nazi’s take 3 Baltic States • Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

  11. CASH AND CARRY • US sold Arms to Allies on Cash payment only • Nations had to ship own goods • Nazis regroup for 7 months

  12. PHONY WAR • France and Britain mobilized troops along the Maginot line (system of fortifications along French-German border) • Both sides waited for other to attack • 7 months, no fighting • Suddenly, Germany attacked, ending the Phony War

  13. GERMANY ADVANCES • April 9, 1940 • Blitzkrieg on Denmark • Falls in 1 day • May 1940 • Belgium and Netherlands Fall

  14. ATTACK ON FRANCE • Italy attacked from the South • Maginot line – failed to protect • Nazi’s from the North • Nazi’s hammered French & British Troops • Allied troops driven to coast of Dunkirk • Evacuated on private vessels into England • June 22, 1940 • France surrenders to Nazis

  15. ENGLAND vs. NAZIS • Winston Churchill – new Prime Minister • England stood alone against the Nazis • Promised people, “Blood, toil, tears, and sweat.” • Hitler wanted to capture and destroy Britain

  16. NAZI BOMBING OF ENGLAND • Strategic Bombing • Hitler started bombing ports, factories, strategic areas of Britain, esp. London • Bombing was crippling England fast • England bombed Berlin, causing some damage • Hitler took the bombing personal • Scare Bombing • Hitler started bombing residential areas • Wanted Britain to beg for mercy

  17. SEPTEMBER 1940 – MAY 1941 • 8 months of continuous bombing • Every night • German Luftwaffe (German air force) bombed British cities • Royal Air force (R.A.F) • Was able to rebuild • Developed and introduced Radar • Used radar to win Dog Fights • Huge losses for German Luftwaffe

  18. ROOSEVELT MAKES HISTORY 1940 • Elected to 3rd Term • Only president in history to serve 3 terms Reasons • Nation needed experienced leader • Nation and Allies trusted him (good foreign relations)

  19. ALLIED STARTAGY • Defeat Axis powers in North Africa • Germans led by General Erwin Rommel • Axis surrendered in May 1943 • Mediterranean region now open for allied shipping • Southern invasion of Europe now possible

  20. Pacific Campaign • US survived Pearl Harbor attack 1942 • Island Hopping • One small island at a time • provided many navel bases and training grounds • Coral Sea • 3 days of fighting blind • US defeats Japanese Fleet • Battle of Midway • Turning point of Pacific War

  21. Eastern Front • USSR suffered huge casualties, but outlasted Germans • Scorched Earth Policy • Same way defeated Napoleon • 1943 – mounted offensive • Drove Germans out of Russia

  22. War in Europe • US and Allies started bombing Germany • Summer of 1942 • Bombed Transportation lines, industrial plants, military institutes • Crippled German ability to wage war • Allies lost 158,000 pilots, 40,000 planes

  23. PEARL HARBOR

  24. PEARL HARBOR • December 7, 1941 • Japanese launched a surprise attack on Hawaii • Lead by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto • Japan’s Greatest Naval Strategist • 2,400 Dead, 1,000 Wounded • Japan wanted to destroy US pacific fleet • It was “a dagger pointed at our throat”

  25. MANHATTAN PROJECT • Before WWII • German Scientists succeeded in splitting the nucleus of an Uranium atom • Albert Einstein • Wrote a letter to FDR warning him Germany was working on an Atomic bomb • FDR approved a $2 million project to develop an Atomic bomb

  26. FAT MAN THIN MAN

  27. BOMBING OF HIROSHIMA • US gave warning • “surrender or be totally destroyed” • August 6, 1945 • B-29 bomber Enola Gay • Two bombs • 1st on Hiroshima • 2nd on Nagasaki – Aug 9, 1945 • Aug 14, 1945 • Japan surrenders

  28. HIROSHIMA: DAY OF FIRE Ground Temp 7,000 degrees Hurricane force winds 980 mph Energy released 20,000 tons TNT Buildings destroyed 62,000 Killed immediately 70,000 people Dead by end 1945 140,000 people Total deaths 210,000 people

  29. D-DAY • General Dwight D. Eisenhower • led invasion across English Channel into France • June 6, 1944 • Largest amphibious landing in History • 4,000 allied ships moved 200,000 soldiers across channel to beaches • 6 out of 10 were killed • Six weeks of fighting • Allies secured the beaches of France • 40 miles

  30. ALLIES TAKE FRANCE • Control Northern beaches of France • D-Day • Ship in massive supplies • Aug 25, 1944 • Paris falls back into Allied control • Allies continue to push Germany back • Winter 1944-45 • Western Europe back in Allied control

  31. VICTORY IN EUROPE • Towards end • Hitler was sending 14 year olds into battle • Hitler youth • 3rd Reich in destruction • April 30, 1945 • Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide • May 7, 1945 • Germany unconditionally surrenders • “V-E” Day – Victory in Europe

  32. HOLOCAUST • Anti -Semitism • Political, social and economic agitation against Jews. • ‘Hatred of Jews’. • Aryan Race • Hitler believed was the perfect race. • Full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

  33. Between 1939 and 1945 sixmillionJews were murdered, along with hundreds of thousands of others, such as Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, disabled and the mentally ill.

  34. Percentage of Jews killed in each country AUSTRIA 35% POLAND 91% USSR 36% NORWAY 45% BELGIUM 45% LUXEMBOURG 55% ESTONIA 44% ROMANIA 84% A Total of 6,000,000 Jews HUNGARY 74% YUGOSLAVIA 81% BOHEMIA 60% LATVIA 84% NETHERLANDS 71% LITHUANIA 85% GERMANY 36% FRANCE 22% GREECE 87%

  35. A MAP OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS USED BY THE NAZIS.

  36. 16 of the 44 children taken from a French children’s home. They were sent to a concentration camp and later to Auschwitz. ONLY 1 SURVIVED A group of children at a concentration camp in Poland.

  37. Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B poison gas pellets found at Majdanek death camp. Before poison gas was used , Jews were gassed in mobile gas vans. Carbon monoxide gas from the engine’s exhaust was fed into the sealed rear compartment. Victims were dead by the time they reached the burial site.

  38. Smoke rises as the bodies are burnt.

  39. Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.

  40. A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution.

  41. Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn. After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at Buchenwald.

  42. In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million. Nazis ordered the bodies of those buried to be dug up and burned to destroy all traces. Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.

  43. FINAL WAR TOLL TOTAL DEAD 55 MILLION SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS DEAD SOVIET UNION TOLL 30 MILLION DEAD US TOLL 290,000 DEAD 670,000 WOUNDED

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