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World war ii

Sea Power & Maritime Affairs. Lesson 12. World war ii. War in the Pacific 1941-1945. Admin. Anything you want to include Quizzes Assignments Etc. Last Class. WWII in the Africa, Med, Atlantic Causes of war Navies in Atlantic, Africa & Med US navy involvement End of war in Europe.

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World war ii

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  1. Sea Power & Maritime Affairs Lesson 12 World war ii War in the Pacific 1941-1945

  2. Admin • Anything you want to include • Quizzes • Assignments • Etc

  3. Last Class WWII in the Africa, Med, Atlantic • Causes of war • Navies in Atlantic, Africa & Med • US navy involvement • End of war in Europe

  4. Today WWII in the Pacific • Causes of war with Japan • Island Hopping Strategy • Naval battles • USMC battles • End of war in Pacific

  5. 8 Key Themes • Navy as an instrument of foreign policy • Interaction between Congress and Navy • Interservicerelations • Technology • Leadership • Strategy & Tactics • Evolution of US Naval Doctrine • Future missions of Navy and USMC

  6. Where does it start? Pearl Harbor – Dec 7, 1941

  7. Video • Pearl Harbor

  8. Catalysts for War? • French defeat • Japanese invade French-Indochina • US Economic Sanctions • Aviation Fuel • Iron • Steel • Tripartite Pact (w/Germany & Italy)

  9. Japanese Options • Give in to American conditions and continue flow of oil from US • Find alternate source of oil Japanese military leaders favor #2 • Dutch East Indies • Invading is easy – Germany controlled nation • Problem: Philippines in between (US Territory) • Decision: Must take Philippines which will mean war with US

  10. Planning Sept 1941 : • Japanese commit to hostilities against US, Britain and Netherlands unlessUS altered demands • Navy planners submit plans for attack on Pearl Harbor Oct 1941 : • Prince Konoye forced to resign Prime Minister position to Gen Tojo Nov 1941 : • US demands Japan withdraw from China ** War inevitable

  11. Attack on Pearl Harbor • Conceived: ADM Yamamoto • Commanded: VADM Nagumo • Plan • 6 carriers • Others supporting • Surprise: • Diplomatic deception • Northern Latitudes • Radio silence • Storm

  12. Route Depart: 26 Nov 1941 Arrive: 6 Dec 1941

  13. Was US Naïve? No • Intelligence analysts speculated war • Nov 27 : Navy issues “War Warning” • Japanese discontinue diplomatic relations Why the surprise? • Nobody expected Pearl Harbor • Intelligence & Communications breakdowns • B-17 Bombers scheduled to arrive

  14. Pearl Harbor Sunday, 7 Dec 1941

  15. Timeline Week prior: Night prior: 0400 : 0600: 0630: 0702: 0743: 0900: 0930: Navy increases harbor defense Unidentified periscope sighted outside harbor Japanese scout planes report no suspicion at Pearl Strike Force Launches Japanese midget submarine sank in harbor. Never relayed to higher command b/c communications station unmanned on Sundays. Army radar operator report inbound aircraft. LT on duty dismissed it as B-17s 191 Japanese aircraft attack (wave 1) Wave 2 attacks Attack ends

  16. Results Sank Arizona (1,100) California Oklahoma Nevada (breached) Severely Damaged West Virginia Tennessee Maryland Pennsylvania (dry-dock)

  17. Results Others Casualties Smaller ships Airfield & Squadrons 2,350 Dead 1,178 Wounded Spared (good fortune) 4 Carriers Repair facilities Submarine base Oil-reserve tanks

  18. “Day that will live in Infamy” • War Declaration: Dec 8, 1941 • (Dec 12 : Germany declares War on US)

  19. Sides are Drawn in the Pacific Allies US Britain Holland China Australia New Zealand Allied Strategy US unprepared for counter-attack (only carriers and subs left) Need to repair and build Honor “Germany-First” Agreement Axis Japan Germany Japanese Strategy Expand, expand, expand Destroy all allied forces in Pacific ** First 5 months of war are an unbroken string of Japanese Victories

  20. Philippines** - 80,000 - Bataan “Death March” Wake Island** Guam Malaya** Thailand Shanghai Midway Burma Borneo Hong Kong Java Sumatra India & Ceylon Raids** Japanese Expansion

  21. What do they gain? Many colonies for: • Resources (oil) • Bases • Ports • Airfields

  22. What do they gain? Many colonies for: • Resources (oil) • Bases • Ports • Airfields Java Sea HMS Repulse & Prince of Whales

  23. Japanese Empire Start of 1942

  24. What do you do if you are the Allies? • Pool resources • ABDA (American, British, Dutch, Australia) • British Gen / American Admiral • Overall failure • Disagreement • British : Defend Malaysia • Americans: Defend Australia • Battle of Java Sea(Feb 1942) • ABDA combined fleet force destroyed • ABDA discontinued Mar 1942

  25. What next if you are the Allies? • Americans take over • Return to Philippines = #1 Priority • Disagreement over strategy

  26. General McArthur “Island Hopping” McArthur (Army) Australia New Guinea Philippines

  27. ADM Nimitz “Island Hopping” Navy Marshalls Carolines Marianas Philippines • Modified Plan Orange • Marine Amphibious Doctrine

  28. Resolution of Dispute • GEN McArthur: You should make me the Supreme Allied Commander in Pacific • CNO, ADM Ernest J. King: Over my dead body • Agreement:Divided Command • Two axis of attack • Theater commander controls • Air • Land • Sea

  29. 2 Theaters, 2 Commands Southwest Pacific Theater Pacific Ocean Area • SoWesPac • GEN Douglas McArthur • HQ: Brisbane, Australia • Indonesian Campaign • POA • ADM Chester Nimitz • HQ: Pearl Harbor • Central Pacific Island Campaign

  30. Fundamental Problems? • Two command structures • Two logistics systems • Fierce competition for resources • Result: Uncooperative spirit • Strategic Mistake: Japan could concentrate on each force separately • Disregard of Mahanian Strategy to centralize forces

  31. Two Axis Attack “Island Hopping” Nimitz British McArthur

  32. List of Important Battles Write these down

  33. Battles in Pacific Pacific Ocean Area Southwest Pacific Theater 1942 • Midway – June 1942 1943 • Gilbert Islands – Nov 1943 • Tarawa 1944 • Marshall Islands – Feb 1944 • Kwajalein • Marianas Islands – June 1944 • Saipan • Battle of Philippine Sea 1945 • Iwo Jima – Feb to Mar 1945 • Okinawa – Apr to Jun 1945 1942 • Java Sea – Feb 1942 • Coral Sea – May 1942 • Guadalcanal – Aug 1942 1943 • New Guinea – Jul to Nov 1944 • Philippines – July 1944 • Peleliu – Sept 1944 • Leyte Gulf – Oct 1944 1945 • (None)

  34. Videos The Pacific Trailer Anatomy of the War Conditions of War Landing at Guadalcanal Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of Pelelieu Iwo Jima Letters from Iwo Jima V

  35. How we will tackle them Nimitz British McArthur V V

  36. Java Sea Feb 1942 V

  37. Coral Sea May 1942 V

  38. Midway June 1942 V

  39. Guadalcanal Aug 1942 – Feb 1943 V

  40. New Guinea (Rabaul) July to Nov 1943 V

  41. Gilberts (Tarawa) Nov 1943 V

  42. Marshalls (Kwajalein) Feb 1944 V

  43. Marianas June 1944 Carolines Bypassed V

  44. Philippines July to Oct 1944 V

  45. Iwo Jima Feb to Mar 1945 V

  46. Okinawa Apr to Jun 1945 V

  47. Final Assault Jul to Aug 1945 V

  48. Battles in Depth Starting 1942

  49. Common Occurrences • Japanse tactics needlessly complicated • Code-breaking alerts both sides of operations • Fateful decisions by carrier group commanders have enormous ramifications • Luck is an ugly mistress

  50. Java Sea Feb 1942

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