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World War II

World War II. 1939 - 1945. The Rise of Fascism. Fascism is a nationalistic political philosophy which is anti-democratic, anti- communist, and anti-liberal. It puts the importance of the nation above the rights of the individual. Fascism.

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World War II

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  1. World War II 1939 - 1945

  2. The Rise of Fascism • Fascism is a nationalistic political philosophy which is anti-democratic, anti- communist, and anti-liberal. It puts the importance of the nation above the rights of the individual.

  3. Fascism • Fascist dictators began to take over in parts of Europe in the 1920’s and 1930’s due to bad economic conditions created by WWI and the Great Depression.

  4. Italy • Benito Mussolini became the Prime Minister of Italy in 1922. He used this position to outlaw all non-fascist political parties and soon became a dictator.

  5. Germany • Adolph Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in January, 1933. Through a variety of manipulative actions, Hitler soon dismantled the German government and became a dictator.

  6. Europe Moves Toward War • 1936: German troops moved into the Rhineland. This was prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles. • 1936: Hitler and Mussolini signed an alliance, creating the Axis.

  7. The Spanish Civil War • 1936-39: Spanish Civil War: Fascist forces aided by Italy and Germany take over Spain. (WWII dress rehearsal).

  8. More Steps Toward War • March 1938: Germany annexed Austria. • Sept. 1938: Munich conference: Hitler forced the British and French to give him the Sudetenland in return for a promise not to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia. • March, 1939: Hitler took over Czechoslovakia.

  9. Appeasement • As Hitler took more and more land Britain and France did nothing, this was known as Appeasement • Br. And Fr. did not want another war with Germany • France also thought that it was safe because it had built the Maginot Line

  10. War in Europe Begins • March 31, 1939: Britain and France agreed to protect Poland in case of a German invasion. • August, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • August, 1939: Germany demands Polish Corridor, Britain and France Refuse • Sept. 1, 1939: Hitler invaded Poland, starting WWII.

  11. Poland and France • Germany will use a new tactic called the Blitzkrieg (lightning war) • This is very effective against Poland by October 1 Germany and the Soviets had conquered Poland • Also during this time Germany conquered Holland, Norway, Belgium, Greece • Invading France through Belgium Germany blitzed through France • France will be defeated by June 1940

  12. Germans in Paris

  13. Battle of Britain • Also during 1940 there will be the Battle of Britain in which Germany tried to use airplanes to bomb Britain while using their submarines to blockade Britain

  14. Operation Barbarossa • Hitler was unable to invade Britain or force them to surrender • So Hitler will turn on who he thinks is the enemy of civilization, the communist Joseph Stalin • Germany will invade the Soviet Union and by the end of 1941 had conquered much territory and surrounded all three major soviet cities

  15. The Japanese Empire • Japan wanted to expand to meet the land needs of a growing population and to obtain more raw materials • 1931: Japan seized Manchuria • 1937-40: Japan seized most of Eastern China • Sept. 1940: Japan joins the tripartite pact, becoming an ally of Italy and Germany.

  16. America and WWII • America initially stayed out of the war, but began a naval build up in the Pacific to counter the expansion of Japan. • Disillusionment from WWI and the Great Depression contributed to the popularity of isolationism in America.

  17. The Atlantic Charter • August 1941: FDR and Winston Churchill met secretly on a ship to agree on war goals, since both foresaw US joining the Allies. • Drew up the outline for the United Nations. This was the Atlantic Charter.

  18. America gets closer to war • Mid 1941: Japanese forces seized French territories in Indochina. • In response, the US froze Japanese assets in the US and cut off all trade with Japan. • Japan sees the oil and steel embargo as an act of war • “We must choose between glory and decline” Prime Minister Hideki Tojo

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