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American Involvement in World War II: Key Events and Decisions

This overview discusses America's role in World War II, tracing the journey from isolationism to active involvement. Key actions include the recognition of the Soviet Union by FDR, the series of Neutrality Acts aimed at keeping the U.S. out of war, and the transition to wartime mobilization that saw women and minorities step up. The Lend-Lease Act and pivotal diplomatic conferences with leaders like Churchill and Stalin set the stage for the Allied victory. The impacts of these decisions on society and the military are examined in detail.

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American Involvement in World War II: Key Events and Decisions

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  1. World War II

  2. I. American Involvement in WWII • FDR recognizes Soviet Union • Neutrality Acts • Neutrality Act 1935: No U.S. weapons to any “belligerent” nation • 2nd Neutrality Act 1936: No U.S. $ to any nation at war • 3rd Neutrality Act: Previous laws permanent; no passengers on warring ships • “Cash-and-carry”

  3. 6. Destroyers for bases

  4. II. FDR Prepares • 1938begins to prepare • Isolation or Intervention? • Selective Service Actages 21-35 • 1940FDR elected to 3rd term • 4 Freedoms • Speech • Religion • From want • From fear

  5. FDR Prepares (cont’d) • Lend-Lease Act: Britain gets U.S. war materials • Atlantic Charter • Self-determination • Free trade • 1940- Sel.Ser.males 18-65

  6. III. Wartime Mobilization • 260,000 women enlisted 2. Women’s Army Corps

  7. Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES)

  8. 4. Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squandron • Office of War Mobilization • Unemployment vanishes

  9. Wartime Mobilization(cont’d) • Price Administration • Economic Stabilization • Price floors/ceilings • Tax code • Rationing

  10. Wartime Mobilization(cont’d) 9. Americans savedhelp spending after the war • Nation debt ↑ $200 bill. • War bonds • OWI (Office of War Information)

  11. IV. Women and Minorities During Wartime • “Rosie the Riveter” • Women earned 2/3 of male salary.

  12. Women and Minorities During Wartime (cont’d) • Afr.-Am. move to industrial centers • Race riots

  13. 5. Mex. Am.-return under bracero Program • Nat. Am.- enlisted; a. Navajo Code Talkers

  14. Bracero Program

  15. V. Japanese

  16. Japanese (cont’d) • 100,000 Japanese Am. relocated; citizens • Executive Order 9066 • Fear that Japanese-American citizens might turn on the U.S. • Only 30% foreign born • Korematsu v. United States, 1944

  17. VI. Diplomacy and Conferences

  18. Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d) • Big Three: FDR, Churchill, Stalin • Casablanca, Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam • 1943, Casablanca • Invade Sicily • “Unconditional Surrender” • Nov. 1943—Tehran • Seeds of D-Day sown • Stalin declare war against Japan

  19. Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d) • 1st disagreements • Stalin wanted a “buffer zone” • Churchill wanted a free Europe • Feb. 1945, Yalta • Stalin agreed to go to war w/Japan in 90 days • Free Eastern Europe w/free elections • “Skeleton” of the UN • Germany divided into 4 zones

  20. Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d) • April 12, 1945—FDR dies • Potsdam Conference (Post-Nazi defeat) • Truman, Atlee, Stalin • Unconditional Surrender of Japan; war-crimes tribunals; occupation of Germany • Much disagreementbrink of a breakup

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