1. WORLD WAR II Readings: Spodek, 696-723, 725-732

2. JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR • Sneak Attack on U.S Naval Base • Destroys planes and battleships • Aircraft carriers out on maneuvers • Roosevelt: Day of Infamy • Admiral Yamamoto: “We have awakened a sleeping tiger”

3. THE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR II • December 7: Pearl Harbor Bombed • December 8: U.S. Declares War on Japan • December 10: Britain Declares War on Japan • December 11: Hitler Declares War on the U.S. • Italy Declares War on the United States

4. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS • EUROPE: • ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES • AXIS: • GERMANY AND ITALY

5. WORLD WAR IICOMBATTANTS • ASIA: • ALLIES: • UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN • AXIS: • JAPAN AND GERMANY

6. PROBLEM – SOVIET UNION • Stalin Creating 2nd • Superpower • 5 Year Plans – Rapid Industrialization • Collectivization of Agriculture – Increase Productivity to Feed Workers • Great Terror – • Forced Migration to • Siberia • Does it make it possible to do things not possible in Democracy

7. U.S. – Fight war in Europe First • Stakes Highest • Hitler Dominating Europe • Much of War Fought in North Africa (September 1940-May 1943) • Mussolini wanted to reconstruct Roman Empire, invades Egypt • Germany bales out Mussolini • U.S. contributes tank force under Gen. George Patton • Patton defeats German General Erwin Rommel

8. U.S. Britain, Canada invade Italy (July 10, 1943) • Mussolini forced to resign (July 25, 1943) • Rescued by Hitler September 15, 1943 • Creates Salo Republic in Northern Italy • Much of European fighting in Italy

9. BATTLE OF BRITAIN • Massive Bombing • Germans Target London • Britain Targets German Cities • Civilian Casualties High • Firebombing of Dresden • Radar • Enigma Machines

10. Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, 1941) • Germans Decide on “Final Solution” • Winter Threatens German Troops in Russia • Siege of Moscow • Battle of Stalingrad • Gen. Zhukov stops Germans advance (November 1942) – major turning point of war in Europe

11. War in the Pacific • Japan invades Philippines (January 2, 1942) • Conquers most of Southeast Asia, Many Islands • U.S., allies, have to fight back island by island

12. MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR • Moscow Conference (October 19-November 1, 1943) • U.S., Britain, Soviet Union agree to form United Nations • Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943) • Open up Second Front • Europe’s Soft Underbelly: Eastern Europe (Churchill) • France • Ultimately – Normandy Landing – D-Day June 6, 1944

13. WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS • EUROPE: • ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES • AXIS: • GERMANY AND ITALY

14. MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR • Yalta Conference (February 1945) • Germany to be Disarmed and Denazified • German Leaders to be Tried as War Criminals • Each power would occupy part of Germany • Soviet Union could collect Reparations • United Nations would be formed • Agreed Soviets could supervise elections in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary • Agreed to divide Korea at 38th Parallel – if Soviets declared war on Japan

15. END OF WAR IN EUROPE • Roosevelt dies (April 12, 1945) • Harry Truman becomes U.S. President • German Divisions in Italy Resign (April 28, 1945) • Mussolini and Mistress Killed by Anti-Fascists • Battle of Berlin (May 1, 1945) • Hitler and new wife Eva Braun commit suicide

16. V-E Day in Europe (May 8, 1945)

17. POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2, 1945) • Truman, Churchill/Atlee, Stalin confirm Yalta Agreement • Truman announces U.S. secret weapon

18. Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

19. SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN (AUGUST 8, 1945) • Soviets invade Korea, Manchuria

20. U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)

21. JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST 10, 1945)

22. WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945) • Korea Divided at 38th Parallel • Germany Divided • “Iron Curtain” Descending Upon Europe • Nuclear Arms Race

23. COLD WAR IN EUROPE • Fear of Communism in Greece, Italy, and France • Fear of Revival of Fascism in Germany • July 1947 – Marshall Plan • April 1949 – Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Orga1nization) • August 29, 1949 – Soviets detonate Atomic Bomb • 1955 – Soviets form Warsaw Pact • October 4, 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik

25. European Union