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Civil War Notes

Civil War Notes. *Bloodiest Day in American History*. Antietam Sharpsburg, Maryland September 17, 1862. Lee ’ s 1 st invasion of the North Lee hoped to win Maryland ’ s support (and supplies) for the South and win European support

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Civil War Notes

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  1. Civil War Notes

  2. *Bloodiest Day in American History* AntietamSharpsburg, MarylandSeptember 17, 1862 Lee’s 1st invasion of the North Lee hoped to win Maryland’s support (and supplies) for the South and win European support Lincoln needed a Northern victory to issue an Emancipation Proclamation The North knew Lee’s plans but Lee was able to rebound quickly The battle was a draw, but Lee retreated South of the Potomac

  3. Engaged 85,000 Casualties 12,410 Engaged 45,000 Casualties 11,172 Antietam Results of Battle: South’s hopes of foreign aid were dashed Lincoln issued preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

  4. GettysburgGettysburg, PennsylvaniaJuly 1-3, 1863 • Turning Point of the Civil War • Lee had several goals: • Draw the Union army out of Virginia • Fuel anti-war feeling in the North • Feeding and supplying his troops • Last-ditch effort to win foreign aid

  5. Engaged 95,000 Casualties 23,000 Engaged 80,000 Casualties 28,000 • The first two days fought to a draw, Lee made a bold attempt to win– Pickett’s Charge, sending thousands marching over a mile across an open field and in which more the 50% of the Rebels died • Lee was never able to recover from this loss of men- Gettysburg is the bloodiest battle of the war, the worst ever fought on American soil.

  6. Gettysburg

  7. Confederate Dead at Devil’s DenThe hand-to-hand fighting was fierce – one in every three men in the 4th Maine was killed

  8. Union dead July 1st and 2nd

  9. Gettysburg Address This crowd at the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery in November, 1863 hears Lincoln utter, in less than three minutes, one of the greatest political speeches in American history.

  10. Sherman’s March to the SeaAtlanta to Savannah, GeorgiaJuly to December, 1864 • Sherman wanted to break the South’s will to fight • Sherman cut his army from supply lines and lived off the land • The army cut a sixty-mile wide path of destruction, virtually destroying the state All of these incidents stemmed from the same root question: Who is more important, the states or the Federal government?

  11. Appomattox Court HouseApril 9, 1865Appomattox Court House, Virginia • Lee surrendered his starving troops to Grant • Grant gave Lee and his men generous terms • The Union soldiers, cheering the end of the war, were stopped by Grant to show respect to the Confederates

  12. The Human Cost of the War DeadWoundedTotal North 364,511 288,881 646,392 South 260,000 194,000 454,000 Total 624,511 475,881 1,100,392

  13. Battle deaths: Battle deaths: 110,070 94,000 Disease, etc.: Disease, etc.: 250,152 164,000 Total Total 360,222 258,000 The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates: The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses:

  14. North Carolina 20,602 Virginia 6,947 Mississippi 6,807 South Carolina 4,760 Arkansas 3,782 Georgia 3,702 Tennessee 3,425 Louisiana 3,059 Texas 1,260 Florida 1,047 Alabama 724 Confederate losses by states, in dead and wounded only, and with many records missing (especially those of Alabama): (Statisticians recognize these as fragmentary, from a report of 1866; they serve as a rough guide to relative losses by states).

  15. Deaths in Prison 24,866 Drowning 4,944 Accidental deaths 4,144 Murdered 520 Suicides 391 Sunstroke 313 Military executions 267 Killed after capture 104 Executed by enemy 64 Unclassified 14,155 In addition to its dead and wounded from battle and disease, the Union listed:

  16. The Economic Cost of the War • In dollars and cents, the U.S. government estimated Jan. 1863 that the war was costing $2.5 million daily. A final official estimate in 1879 totaled $6,190,000,000. The Confederacy spent perhaps $2,099,808,707. By 1906 another $3.3 billion already had been spent by the U.S. government on Northerners' pensions and other veterans' benefits for former Federal soldiers

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