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CELLS

CELLS. The basic units of life. Cells:. All living things are made of one or more cells. A cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the necessary functions of life. An organism can be made of just one cell (e.g. euglena) or many (humans). Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes.

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS The basic units of life

  2. Cells: • All living things are made of one or more cells. • A cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the necessary functions of life.

  3. An organism can be made of just one cell (e.g. euglena) or many (humans)

  4. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Cells are divided into two groups: • Prokaryotes: single-celled organisms without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles; bacteria • Eukaryotes: all organisms besides bacteria.

  5. Cell Organelles • All eukaryotic cells have parts that work together to keep the cell alive. • These parts are called organelles.

  6. *Cell Wall* • Only found in plants. • Rigid structure that gives support and shape to a cell.

  7. Cell Membrane • A protective barrier that controls what does in and out of the cell.

  8. *Chloroplasts* • Makes sugar for plants through photosynthesis

  9. Cytoplasm • Watery, gel-like material • Holds the organelles of the cell

  10. Nucleus • Contains the DNA which controls how to make the cell’s proteins.

  11. Ribosomes • Make proteins • Smallest organelles in a cell • Can be floating freely in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)

  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) • Makes lipids (fats) and delivers proteins • Two parts: 1. Rough E.R. - studded with ribosomes; closest to nucleus 2. Smooth E.R. - mainly makes lipids

  13. *Golgi Apparatus* • Packages and distributes materials. • Acts as the warehouse that sorts and ships.

  14. *Lysosomes* • Carry out cellular digestion; clean up cell • Digests food particles, wastes, old cell parts, and foreign invaders

  15. *Vacuoles* • Stores water and other materials

  16. Mitochondria • Breaks down food molecules to make ATP (energy!)

  17. Circle these ones on your Notes (you will be tested on ONLY these) • Cell Wall (plant) • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Chloroplast (plant) • Cytoplasm • Mitochondria

  18. Image Sources • http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/images/media/gel_cells.jpg • http://pub.ucsf.edu/today/daily/2007/07/S2cells2.jpg • http://arnica.csustan.edu/Biol1010/classification/euglena.JPG • http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/BCELL1_files/image005.jpg • http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/2/25/Mitochondria.gif/400px-Mitochondria.gif • http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/cell_wall.gif • http://www.mcld.co.uk/hiv/images/aEukaryoticCell.gif • http://www.daviddarling.info/images/chloroplast.jpg • http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/c/cytoplasm/jrcytoplasm.jpg • http://www.public.iastate.edu/~ttt356/Nucleus.jpg • http://sun.menloschool.org/~birchler/cells/animals/ribosome/ribo.jpg • http://www.daviddarling.info/images/endoplasmic_reticulum.jpg • http://www.dartmouth.edu/~cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-1997/images/er.JPG • http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/golgi/images/golgifigure1.jpg • http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/cho/ergolgi.jpeg • http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/images/ch1_lysosome.jpg • http://student.nu.ac.th/u46410320/vacuole%5B1%5D.jpeg • http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/mito.gif

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