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CELLS

CELLS. UNICELLULAR. A single cell that carries out all life processes. Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena. MULTICELLULAR. Made of many cells that work together to carry out all life processes Ex. Animals, Plants, most Fungi. CELL THEORY. All living things are made of cells

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS

  2. UNICELLULAR • A single cell that carries out all life processes. • Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena

  3. MULTICELLULAR • Made of many cells that work together to carry out all life processes • Ex. Animals, Plants, most Fungi

  4. CELL THEORY • All living things are made of cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure • Cells are the basic unit of function • Cells come from pre-existing cells

  5. EXCEPTIONS TO THE CELL THEORY • Where did the first cell come from??? • Viruses • Not made of cells • Contain genetic material • Can’t survive on their own (need a host) • Mitochondria & Chloroplasts • Contain some genetic material • Can “reproduce” inside a cell without the whole cell reproducing

  6. Prokaryotic No nucleus Smaller Less complex No membrane-bound organelles DNA floats freely in cytoplasm Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic Has nucleus which contains DNA Larger More complex Many different organelles Ex. Amoeba, Plants, Animals TWO KINDS OF CELLS

  7. CELL MEMBRANE • Regulates what comes into and goes out of cell • It is SELECTIVELY-PERMEABLE • “Chooses” what it lets in and out • Some molecules are too large to fit • Some molecules are toxic to the cell • Made of lipids and proteins • Officially a “lipid bi-layer” (ooo, fancy…)

  8. CYTOPLASM • Liquid part of cell • Involved in transport • Moving materials around inside a cell is cyclosis • Site of chemical reactions

  9. NUCLEUS • Directs cell activities • Contains the DNA • Nucleolus is found within the nucleus • it makes RNA

  10. RIBOSOMES • Where protein is made • Can be free floating in cell or attached to the E.R.

  11. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Transports materials throughout the cell • Rough ER • Has ribosomes • Smooth ER • No ribosomes

  12. CHLOROPLASTS • In PLANTS • Site of photosynthesis • Chloroplasts absorb energy from the sun in order to combine CO2 and H2O to make food for the cell

  13. MITOCHONDRIA • Makes ENERGY for the cell • Aerobic respiration takes place here • Remember: ENERGY = ATP

  14. GOLGI BODIES/APPARATUS/COMPLEX • Packages and ships materials for the cell • Think of it as UPS or Fed. Ex. for the cell

  15. VACUOLE • Storage • Stores water, food and waste • Contractile Vacuole • Found in unicellular organisms • Pumps out excess water

  16. LYSOSOME • Breaks down materials • Contains digestive enzymes

  17. CENTRIOLES • Only in ANIMAL cells • Help chromosomes split during cell division

  18. CELL WALL • Support and protection for PLANT cells • Made of cellulose

  19. CYTOSKELETON • Made of protein • Provide support to cell

  20. CILIA • Hair-like microtubules that provide locomotion. • Ex. Paramecium have cilia.

  21. FLAGELLA • Whip-like tail that provides locomotion • Ex. Sperm have a flagella

  22. TRANSPORT IN CELLS • Diffusion = PASSIVE TRANSPORT • Movement of materials from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration. • Little/No energy required

  23. Osmosis • Diffusion of water

  24. Active Transport • Requires energy • Phagocytosis • Cells “eating” • Pinocytosis • Cells “drinking”

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