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Understanding Nouns: Singular and Plural Forms in English Grammar

This guide provides an overview of singular and plural nouns in English, detailing how to form regular and irregular plurals. It covers rules for adding '-s' and '-es', changes in nouns ending in '-f' or '-fe', and special cases such as zero plurals and collective nouns. The text also includes examples for practice, making it a helpful resource for English language learners. Improve your grasp of noun forms to enhance your writing and communication skills!

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Understanding Nouns: Singular and Plural Forms in English Grammar

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  1. Parts of speech Noun - Number

  2. Introduction • Singular (sg.) – oneobject (a book, a boy) orinvisiblewhole (snow, friendship). • Plural (pl.) – more thanoneobject (books, boys).

  3. Regularplural • by adding-s cat→ cats; book → books; room → rooms; • by adding-es (nounsending in -s; -ss; -x; -ch; -sh; -tch) bus→ buses; glass → glasses; box → boxes; bench → benches; brush → brushes; match → matches;

  4. Note: • Nounsending in -oby adding–es: hero → heroes; tomato → tomatoes; etc. • Nounsending in -oby adding–s: auto → autos; piano → pianos; radio → radios; kilo → kilos; etc. • Nounsending in -oby adding –s or–es : commando→ commandos/commandoesetc.

  5. Note: • Nounsending in -yafter a consonantchange–ies: baby → babies; country → countries; lady → ladies; fly → flies; etc. • Nounsending in -yafter a vowelagainby simplyadding–s: boy → boys; day → days; key → keys; etc.

  6. Irregularplural • Nounsending in -f; -fechange–ves: half → halves; life → lives; thief → thieves; shelf → shelves; etc. • Mutation: foot→feet; goose → geese; man → men; woman → women; mouse→ mice; tooth → teeth; etc.

  7. Zeroplural • Name of certainanimals (hunting): deer; salmon; sheep; etc. ThissheepisfromAustralia. These sheep arefromAustralia. • Craftandcertainnationalities: Thecraftwassunk. Allthecraftweresunk. He is a Vietnamese. TheVietnamese are notedfortheircookery.

  8. Collectivenouns • Whichhavepluralforms: Impersonal (whole):Thegovernmentistrying to controlinflation. Personal (members): Theshadowgovernment are callingfor a generalelectionsoon. Or a lot of: Thegovernments in allcountriesare trying to controlinflation.

  9. Collectivenouns • Whichdo not havepluralforms: Theyouthof todayis/arebetteroffthanweused to be. Givethe public whatitwants/theywant.

  10. Becareful! • Nounswith a pluralform + sg. verb: Thenewsisbadtoday. • Nounswith a pluralform + pl. verb: My trousers are wet. (glasses, scissors, scales, etc.) !Thepolice are lookingforthem.!

  11. Pluralwithdifferentmeanings • Colours – barvy/zástava (vlajka). • Compasses – buzoly/kružítko. • Draughts – průvany/dáma (hra). • Grounds – podlahy/usazenina. • Spirits – destilát/duševno.

  12. Literatura ALEXANDER, L. G. LongmanEnglishGrammar.1. vyd. London and New York: Longman, 1988. ISBN 0-582-55892-1. SVOBODA, A., KUČERA, K. English Parts of Speech. 1. vyd. Opava: SU v Opavě, 2005. ISBN 80-7248-199-1.

  13. Writeplural of these words: boy → family → knife → potato → brush → leaf → watch → radio → foot → lady → man → toy →

  14. Děkujiza pozornost.

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