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Cell Structure & Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. CELLS

  2. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CHAPTER 7

  3. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  4. Has a nucleus • Has organelles • Has internal membranes Eukaryotic cell

  5. BACTERIA • No nuclear membrane • No membrane bound organelles • Cell wall • Single loop of DNA Prokaryotic cell

  6. CELL MEMBRANE Controls what enters and leaves cell •

  7. CELL MEMBRANE BILAYER (two layers) • Made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS

  8. MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS POLAR HEAD- “ hydrophillic ” 2 NON-POLAR TAILS- “hydrophobic”

  9. MEMBRANE PROTEINS • Some proteins go all the way through & touch both sides • Other proteins- are only on one side of membrane

  10. CYTOPLASM goo gel-like ORGANELLES- small structures that do a job

  11. NUCLEUS • Control center of cell • Contains genetic material (DNA)

  12. NUCLEUS • Surrounded by NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Dark spot on nucleus = NUCLEOLUS (makes ribosomes )

  13. MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA) • “Powerhouse of cell” • Burns glucose to make energy • Stores energy as ATP

  14. RIBOSOMES • Make proteins • Made of proteins and RNA •Can be attached to ER or free in cytoplasm • Unlike other organelles, it has no membrane around it.

  15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) “Intracellular highway”

  16. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has RIBOSOMES attached • Transports molecules to other parts of cell

  17. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has NO ribosomes attached • Makes steroids, regulates calcium, destroys toxic substances

  18. GOLGI BODY (APPARATUS) • Pancake like membrane stacks • Packages proteins for transport to their proper location

  19. LYSOSOMES • Membrane bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes • digest worn out cell parts, food, invading bacteria and viruses

  20. PLANT CELLS • Cell wall • Chloroplasts • Bigger vacuoles • No centrioles

  21. CELL WALL Supports and protects cell Outside of cell membrane Made of different molecules than bacteria cell wall

  22. CHLOROPLASTS • Surrounded by double membrane • Thylakoid stacks contain enzymes for photosynthesis • Contain own DNA

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