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Cell Structures and Functions: Understanding the Diversity

Learn about the common features of cells and how their structures enable them to carry out specific functions. Explore the diversity of cells and discover the special features that help them perform their unique roles.

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Cell Structures and Functions: Understanding the Diversity

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  1. Cells August 25-26, 2014

  2. What do these all have in common?

  3. Generalized Cell • Real cells differ greatly from each other and from a ‘generalized cell’ in order to carry out different functions. • Cells differ in: • Size • Shape • Number & type of organelles

  4. Cell structures How well do you remember the structures of the cell? Earn bragging rights by being the first to match up the structure with the function. Afterwards, use the same papers to label a generalized cell diagram.

  5. Cell structures

  6. Cell structures

  7. Cell Structure Questions With a partner, answer the 4 questions on your guided notes. … 5 minutes

  8. Cell Diversity Identify special features of each cell that help them do their specific functions.

  9. Cell Diversity – Small Intestine What special features do you see?

  10. Cell Diversity – Small Intestine • What special features do you see? • Microvilli to increase surface area for absorption of nutrients • Tight junctions between cells to prevent digestive enzymes from leaking into the tissue of the small intestine.

  11. Cell Diversity – Red blood cell • What special features do you see?

  12. Cell Diversity – Red blood cell • What special features do you see? • Small to fit through capillaries • No organelles or nucleus to maximize area for carrying oxygen

  13. Cell Diversity – trachea epithelial cell • What special feature do you see?

  14. Cell Diversity – trachea epithelial cell • What special feature do you see? • cilia – to help move mucus over surface of the trachea

  15. Cell Diversity • What is the difference between microvilli and cilia?

  16. Cell Diversity • What is the difference between microvilli and cilia? • Microvilli are extensions of cell membrane, cilia are proteins • Microvilli increase SA for absorption, cilia move substances

  17. Cell Diversity – Read your textbook for more examples!

  18. Plasma Membrane • Selectively permeable barrier between the cell and the environment. What does ‘selectively permeable’ mean? Only some materials can cross the membrane Selective permeability is necessary for the cell to maintain the correct internal environment for physiological functions.

  19. Plasma Membrane components • Phospholipids • Make up the majority of the membrane • Arranged in a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads outside, and hydrophobic tails inside Hydrophilic = ___________ Hydrophilic molecules are __________ like water. Hydrophobic = ____________ Hydrophobic molecules are __________ like oil.

  20. Plasma Membrane components • Phospholipids • Make up the majority of the membrane • Arranged in a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads outside, and hydrophobic tails inside Hydrophilic = water loving Hydrophilic molecules are polar like water. Hydrophobic = water fearing Hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar like oil.

  21. Plasma Membrane components • Phospholipids The structure of phospholipids is the key to their function! Hydrophilic heads can interact with watery external environment and watery cytoplasm. Hydrophobic tails reduce the diffusion of water and other charged or polar substances across the membrane.

  22. Plasma membrane components • Cholesterol • Makes the cell membrane more rigid and less permeable to water • Proteins • Act as enzymes, pores, carriers, and hormone receptors, and structural elements

  23. Plasma membrane components • Glycoproteins and Glycolipids • Glyco = sugar! • Influence cell interactions (e.g. identifying cell as ‘self’) and molecule transport

  24. Quick Review: Plasma Membrane Structure Talk with a partner then share as a class • Scholar on the left answers … • What are the 4 membrane components? • Which component has most functions? Why? • Scholar on the right answers … • Name 4 functions of membrane proteins • Which two components are primarily responsible for reducing fluid loss through the cell? What do those components have in common?

  25. You do: Vocab miniposters For each sheet, • The vocabulary word(s) and definition(s) should be written in large letters • A diagram should be drawn. Must be accurate, neat, and visually appealing!

  26. Homework Vocab minisheets/ Study! Closure • What were our objectives and how well did you learn about them? • How did what we do today connect to our unit statements? • What learner profile trait did we demonstrate? • TOK connection: What are the primary ‘ways of knowing’ that lead to our scientific knowledge of cells?

  27. Exit Ticket Draw and label a cell. At least 5 of the components should be labeled with name and function.

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