Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections IT’S NOT WHO YOU ARE…. IT’S WHAT YOU DO

2. Sexually Transmitted Infections ASSIGNMENT #9.1 Take the following survey, print it out and turn it in with your portfolio. Lesson 9-STDSurvey

3. STIs—What are they? Sexually Transmitted Infections: (also known as STD—Sexually Transmitted Disease) • Are very common • Spread person to person during sexual contact • Skin-to-skin contact • Vaginal, oral, and anal routes • Can be serious • May not cause symptoms 1 in 4 Teens are Infected with STIs

4. STIs—What are they?

5. Spokane Facts 2009 Public Health Dept. phone survey: 15-24 year olds • 2/3 of 15-24 year olds sexually active • Average age for initial sexual encounter is 15 years • Average # of sexual partners: 8 • Teens with 5 or more partners: ↑ use of alcohol and/or drugs during sex • #1 reason to engage in sexual activity: Peer pressure or want to be like friends • Spokane rates higher in STIs than Washington State

6. Myths about STIs • Can only be spread through sexual intercourse… • Herpes, genital warts • You can’t get a STI if you have anal or oral sex… • Bacteria and virus can enter body through cuts or tears in mouth or anus • Can only pass the infection if you have symptoms… • 3 out of 4 infected with Chlamydia have no symptoms • If you have a cold sore and have oral sex, you can’t get genital herpes… • Herpes 1 and 2 can “locate” anywhere in the body

7. Myths about STIs • STIs happen only with multiple partners… • You can get a STI from your first sexual encounter • STIs can be cleared up with antibiotics… • Some STIs stay with you for your lifetime • Once symptoms of a STI go away, you’re cured… • STIs can last for months or years without symptoms • Once infected, you can’t get another STI or the same one again… • Re-infections occur and in combination with others

8. Facts • Number 1 reported sexually transmitted infection in 15-24 year olds? Chlamydia Why? 3 out of 4 people do not have symptoms

9. Chlamydia • Called the “Silent” infection • Most common between ages 15-24 • Passed through vaginal, oral, or anal sex • Infected mother can pass Chlamydia to her baby during vaginal childbirth • 90% of people infected don’t know it—there are no symptoms • If you do have symptoms: abnormal vaginal discharge, burning when urinating, abdominal pain, fever

10. Gonorrhea • Also known as a “Silent” infection • Spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus • Ejaculation does not have to occur to spread Gonorrhea • An infected mother can pass it to her baby during delivery • Possible symptoms if they occur: burning when urinating, white, yellow, or green discharge from penis, swollen testicles, increased vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, anal itching, painful bowel movements, sore throat

11. AIDS • AIDS (Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome) • Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Every hour 4 Americans are infected with HIV • Present in blood, semen, and vaginal fluids • Spread through anal, oral, vaginal sex; sharing needles for drugs • Gets into blood through tiny breaks in the skin • An infected mother can pass it to baby • People can be infected and don’t know it • still look fine

12. Genital Herpes • One out of 5 teens and adults are infected • Many people don’t know they are infected until they break out with a sore • Spread through the open sores the virus causes, but can spread through skin without sores • HSV-1 more commonly causes cold sores on mouth • HSV-2 more commonly caused by “genital” virus • HSV-1 infection in the genitals can be caused by oral-genital or genital-genital contact. • Symptoms: painful sore that looks like a blister, flu-like symptoms, fever, swollen glands

13. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Spread through genital contact—mostly vaginal and anal • Approximately130 types of HPV • “Low risk”-can cause genital warts in men and women • “High risk”-can cause cervical cancer • Body’s immune system usually clears HPV within 2 years • Warts: cause small bumps, usually in genital area • Raised, flat, single, multiple, cauliflower shaped • Will not cause cervical cancer • Cervical dysplasia (cell changes occur on the cervix) • Detected through pelvic exam and cervical smear • Vaccination (Gardasil) available for females starting at age 11 years of age

14. STI Testing Reasons given for never being tested for STI on Spokane survey : #1: Don’t think you are at risk #2: Has a steady partner #3: Don’t want to be tested #4: Never felt the need #5: Don’t have symptoms

15. STI Testing • If sexually active, have a yearly examination by your doctor or healthcare provider • Be open and honest with your doctor or healthcare provider • Be open and honest with your partner/s • Urine, genital swab, or blood tests available to detect STIs • Washington State Law (RCW 70.24.110): “Minor age 14 and older may seek care for STIs; diagnostic and treatment information is confidential in this instance.” • Testing available through Planned Parenthood or your doctor.

16. STI Treatments Treatment depends on type of STI • Antibiotics to cure bacterial infections • Anti-virus medications to treat, not cure viruses • Vaccine for HPV and Hepatitis B Responsible Sexual Behavior is best prevention

17. Prevention of STIs • 100% effective method: Abstinence • Condoms: • Male • Female

18. Prevention of STIs • Protect yourself, Protect others • Monogamy—only have one partner • If you have an STI, What are your choices? • do not have sex • use a condom • be honest with your partner • Talk to your partner—especially if a new partner • Ask questions of your partner • Present or Past IV Drug user • Have they had multiple partners • Do they have a STI

19. Journal Entry #9.1Answer the following questions. • The greater the number of sex partners, the more likely you will have a STI? (True/False) • STIs discriminate-only certain people are vulnerable (True/False) • STIs can cause serious lifelong health problems or sterility (True/False) • You should only use a condom if you are having sex with someone you do not know well (True/False) • Both and/or all partners have to be treated if an infection is diagnosed in someone whom you have had sex with? (True/False) • If you suspect an STI/STD, you should not worry about it or tell anyone? (True/False) • If you do not have symptoms of an STI/STD there is no need to worry if you have participated in risky sexual behavior? (True/False) • Having a STI/STD will not affect your body over the long run; live it up and worry about the consequences later. (True/False)

20. STI Services Sexually transmitted infection hotline: 1-800-27-8922 Planned Parenthood Spokane clinics: 509-326-2142 123 E. Indiana Ave. Suite 100 1925 E. Francis 10525 E. Trent Or, ask your doctor or healthcare provider about STI testing and treatment

21. Student Activity ASSIGNMENT #9.2 You will create a poster board to promote safe sex practices/activity or STI/STD prevention. You may use the following for your poster: • Abstinence • Condoms • Monogamy • Do Not share needles • Alcohol abuse • Bisexual activities • Promiscuity The poster must be colorful, portray the meaning without confusion and laminated before you turn it in.

22. Student Activity Journal Entry #9.2 • Examine the following two-(2) charts and write a narrative about each and the information that you get from the data. • The narrative should be no less than one-(1) page in length, double spaced, 12 font, Times New Roman • This assignment will be the last entry into your health journal or portfolio. Do a good job and think about what you want to say.

23. Student Activity

24. Student Activity Click on the chart to see a larger version.