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Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS

Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. The Risks of Sexual Activity. Sexually Transmitted Infections. STI Any pathogen that spreads from one person to another during sexual contact 19 million new cases of STIs each year 3 million occur in people under the age of 20

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Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS

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  1. Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS

  2. The Risks of Sexual Activity

  3. Sexually Transmitted Infections • STI • Any pathogen that spreads from one person to another during sexual contact • 19 million new cases of STIs each year • 3 million occur in people under the age of 20 • $10 billion in healthcare costs

  4. Harmful Effects • Short Term • Pain, discomfort, embarrassment • Long Term • Increased risk of certain cancers, increased risk of infertility • Many can be treated with medicine • Some are incurable • You cannot develop immunity to an STI

  5. Risky Behaviors & STI Epidemic • Ignoring Risks • Being sexually active puts you at risk • Don’t take proper precautions • “It can’t happen to me” • Multiple Partners • More sexual partners = greater chance of getting an STI • Not Seeking Treatment • Embarrassed • Don’t recognize the symptoms • No symptoms

  6. Avoiding STIs • Mainly transmitted through sexual contact • Can be transmitted through contact of blood of an infected person • STIs are PREVENTABLE!!

  7. PRACTICE ABSTINENCE!!! • Abstinence – not having sexual intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex • The most certain way to not contract an STI is to practice abstinence! • Even if you have been sexually active, you can still start to practice abstinence now • Get tested

  8. Avoid Drugs • Blood to blood contact • Sharing of needles • Drugs or steroids; body piercings or tattoos • Not only are the people who use the needles at risk, so are their sexual partners • Drugs and alcohol play a role in the STI epidemic because they impair the ability to think clearly

  9. Choose Responsible Friends • Choose friends who also practice these behaviors • Friends who support your decisions make it easier to resist the pressure to use drugs or engage in sexuality activity • Going out in groups, instead of as a couple, makes it easier to choose abstinence

  10. Kinds of STIs

  11. STIs • Infectious disease • Caused by pathogens • Bacteria, viruses, protozoan's • Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in preventing long term health problems

  12. Trichomoniasis • Caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina • Males—painful urination, a clear discharge from the penis, itching; sometimes no symptoms • If not cured can lead to inflammation of the lining of the urethra, called urethritis • Females—itching and burning in the vagina, unpleasant smelling, yellowish discharge, painful urination • If not treated can lead to vaginitis, a vaginal infection or irritation

  13. Human Papilloma Virus - HPV • Most common viral STI in the US • Often no symptoms • Immune system may destroy the virus or it may remain in the body for life • Can lead to genital warts or cervical cancer in women • Vaccine for girls 9 to 26—protects against 4 types of the HPV virus that cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts

  14. Chlamydia • Most common bacteria STI in the US • Can be cured with antibiotics • Males—painful urination and discharge from the penis; can lead to urethritis • Females—yellowish vaginal discharge; can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection of the RPS • PID can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy

  15. Hepatitis • Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HBC) • Attack the liver • Often no symptoms • Fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea • Can lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis (scar tissue) • No cure • Children are vaccinated against HBV

  16. Gonorrhea • Bacterial • Infects urinary tract of males and females and the reproductive organs of females • Males—thick, pus-like discharge from penis, painful urination • Females—pus-like discharge from the vagina or urinary tract and painful urination • Symptoms mild or not always present • Infected pregnant female can transmit to baby at birth—babies given medicated eye drops • Treatment requires antibiotics

  17. Genital Herpes • Virus—herpes simplex virus • 1 out of 5; 12 and older • Symptoms may be hardly noticeable • Painful blisters on or around the genitals • No cure • Infected people experience outbreaks of blisters throughout their lives • Can pass herpes whether blisters are present or not • A pregnant woman can infect her child during birth, causing blindness and possible death • C-section can prevent this

  18. Syphilis • Bacteria • 3 stages • 1st stage – painless sore appears • 2nd stage – sore appears in the mouth; flu-like symptoms develop • 3rd stage – symptoms may disappear for years; bacteria will attack internal parts of the body; can lead to brain damage, paralysis, and heart disease if left untreated • Can be treated and cured with antibiotics • Pregnant woman can pass to her baby

  19. Seeking Treatment • People who participate in high-risk behaviors should get medical checkups every 6 months • If you suspect you are infected you should seek prompt medical treatment • Notify sexual partners • If STI is not curable, DR will offer advice about how to live with it and prevent from passing it on • Clinics

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