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Vietnam

For thousands of years, Vietnam has faced foreign domination, starting with Chinese control, followed by French colonization in the 19th century. The struggle for independence intensified with Ho Chi Minh's leadership against the French and later the US, marking a significant chapter in Cold War geopolitics. Key events such as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and the tragic outcomes of the war, including 58,000 US military deaths and widespread anti-war sentiment, reshaped both Vietnam and American society, ultimately leading to a protracted legacy of distrust and military-industrial complexities.

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Vietnam

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  1. Vietnam End of Innocence

  2. History of Conflict For 1000s of years Vietnam was under control of the Chinese 1843 – French arrive to obstensively protect their trading interests in the region By 1887 – French assume direct control 1940 – France was defeated by Germany and Japan assumed control 1941 – Ho Chi Minh returned from exile to lead communist guerrillas

  3. US Initial Involvement • End of WW 2 – French want to return • Ho Chi Minh and his “Viet Minh” resist • 1954 – Major defeat for French at Dien Bin Phu • By this time the US was funding up to 80% of the cost of the war.

  4. Independence? • Between 1955 and 1963 • Vietnam divided into a Communist north and “Democratic” south. • South led by Diem – assassinated in 1963 • North by Minh • Communists supplied rebel groups (Viet Cong) along a trail on the Western border

  5. US Direct Involvement • Gulf of Tonkin Incident • North Vietnam attacked a US Navy ship • Johnson used this attack as a pretext to deploy the US military • Did not need Congressional approval • 1963 - 16,300 • 1968 - 536,100 • 1972 - 24,200

  6. Legacy • The war had a profound impact • 58,000 dead • Draft Dodgers • Anti War Sentiment • First TV war • Shook US confidence • Military industrial complex – defence industries take stronger role in policy formation • Ie. blackwater

  7. The Result? US pull out of Vietnam in 1973 In 1975 the North invaded and conquered the south US spent billions with no real gain Distrust between society and the military

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