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Vietnam

Vietnam. Unit 5 Lesson 7 Part II (Sections 31.3 & 31.4). Objectives. Review how the US became involved in Vietnam’s struggle for independence. Trace the roots of opposition to the war and describe the antiwar movement. Evaluate the impact of 1968 on US involvement in Vietnam.

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Vietnam

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  1. Vietnam Unit 5 Lesson 7 Part II (Sections 31.3 & 31.4)

  2. Objectives • Review how the US became involved in Vietnam’s struggle for independence. • Trace the roots of opposition to the war and describe the antiwar movement. • Evaluate the impact of 1968 on US involvement in Vietnam. • Analyze the legacy of the Vietnam War

  3. Warm Up • What beliefs concerning the communist threat in Vietnam were shared by both JFK and LBJ? • What differed? • Domino Theory • Must stop • Financial aid and military assistance • JFK ready to leave…LBJ couldn’t lose • LBJ sent a large # of troops

  4. Review • History of Vietnam? • French Indochina • Japan WW2 • Reoccupied FRA • First Indochina War? • Vietminh Mvmt( CHN & USSR) • France & Puppet (US) • Geneva Accords? • Divided 17th Parallel until Elections ‘56

  5. North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Communist South Vietnam Diem ousts Dai Corrupt govt War? SV rejects ‘56 election NLF & Vietcong in SV Diem killed in coup US Involvement? Ike: $ & Military Advisors, SEATO JFK: $ & More Advisors LBJ: $ & Troops (Americanization) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution USS Maddox Broad Military Powers Operation Rolling Thunder US Public Reaction? Credibility Gap = Hearings Review

  6. A Divided Nation • Congress • Hawks & Doves • Selective Service & Resistance • Conscientious objectors • Medical exemption • Educational deferment • National/ Coast Guard • Draft Dodgers • Working Class War • Lower class whites & minorities

  7. Student Protest Movement • New Left- radical change to fix poverty & racism • SDS- Govt & business ruled, need individual freedom • Hayden’s Port Huron Statement • Columbia Univ • FSM- UC Berkeley student protests free speech restrictions

  8. Resistance Tactics • Peaceniks • Civil Disobed – sit-in, teach-in, strike • Marches & Demo’s • Active Resistance – ROTC, CIA, Dept of Def attacks • Dodgers & Bonfires • Counterculture – drop out

  9. Turning Point: 1968 • Jan Tet Offensive • VC attack 5 of 6 major cities on Tet holiday (break ceasefire) • Mar 1968 • My Lai Massacre and cover-up! • US and SV win, but US in shock…

  10. Johnson Bows Out • McNamara Quits • Great Society Failed • Dem Opposition (RFK) • Public discontent and criticism • Private Issues • Wife wanted to retire • Feared dying on job “Can’t win a war and an election…”

  11. 1968 Election • (D) Humphrey • (R) Nixon • (I) Wallace • Intense political process • Nixon wins close vote • Law & Order @ home • Peace w/honor abroad

  12. Nixon in Vietnam • PLAN: Vietnamization- US troops out, control to SV • REALITY: Increased bombings, including Laos & Cambodia (attack secret border hideouts) • Renewed protest • Chicago “Weathermen” • Kent State “Massacre” • Jackson State • Vs. “Silent Majority”

  13. Forcing Peace • Operation Linebacker II • Nov/Dec 72 • Force North to table • Paris Peace Accord • Jan 23, 1973 • Ceasefire, US Withdrawal, POWs/MIAs, Reconciliation Talks (17thuntil)…

  14. Aftermath • 1975 Fall of Saigon • Vietnamese Boat People (refugees) and Amerasians (outcasts) • Cambodian Civil War • War Powers Act/Resolution • Pentagon Papers • 1995 “Normal” Relations

  15. Impact of War • 58K Dead, 300K Wounded (PTSD), 2.5K POW/MIA • $170 Billion spent (inflation) • Abolished draft, Weakened military • Divided nation, cynical nation, less faith in govt • Question role in world affairs

  16. Closure • Compare and contrast US efforts in Vietnam to those in War on Terror in 21st century.

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