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Educational Theorists

Educational Theorists. What is a Theory?. Theories are used for building a better understanding of the teaching and learning process. Theory = guess or hunch

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Educational Theorists

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  1. Educational Theorists

  2. What is a Theory? • Theories are used for building a better understanding of the teaching and learning process. • Theory = guess or hunch • Scientific Theory=interrelated set of concepts that are used to explain a body of data and to make predictions about the results of future experiments.

  3. What is a Theory • Fact or Fiction? • Principles will give you help • Theories will give you options

  4. Theory 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3GJycgu-cs

  5. Theory 2 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IJXsUBdl0g

  6. Stage Theorists • Jean Piaget 1896-1980 • Famous For: described 4 different stages of cognitive development • Implication on education: claims one cannot master one level before completing the previous.

  7. Piaget’s Stage Theory

  8. Stage Theorists • Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 • Famous For: 5-stages of psychosexual development • Implication on education: believes if one stage is not mastered growth will stop.

  9. Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

  10. Stage Theorists • Erik Erikson 1902 -1994 • Famous For: Developed Psychosocial Theory, stages where individuals are faced with choices and must resolve the crisis to successfully move on to the next. • Implications for Education: explanation for individuals success and failures throughout life.

  11. Erikson’s Developmental Stage Theory

  12. Learning & Motivation Theories • Behaviorism • Information Processing • Social Cognitive Theory

  13. Learning and Motivation Theories Behaviorism: • Focuses on things that can be observed, classified into a general category. • Influenced by 2 environmental factors: • Those that precede it (antecedents) and those that follow it (consequences). • A-B-C Model: Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence • Important Concepts • Conditioning, reinforcement, punishment and cueing. • Who is involved: • B.F. Skinner • Implications for Education: • learn through our actions and consequences, operant conditioning

  14. Operant Conditioning • http://youtu.be/qy_mIEnnlF4

  15. Learning & Motivation Theories Information Processing • Theories that focus on attention, types of memory, how knowledge is represented and stored, forgetting, and the cognitive systems. • Important Concepts: • Attention, perception, working memory, long-term memory, and types of knowledge. • Who is involved: • Jean Piaget • Implications for Education: • Identifies our ability to store and recall knowledge.

  16. Learning & Motivation Theories Social Cognitive Theory • Combines behavioral concerns with consequences and cognitive interests in thinking. • Important Concepts: • Interactions among behavior, environment, and personal characteristics; beliefs about personal capabilities; learning through observation and modes; and guiding your own learning through self-regulation. • Who is Involved: • Albert Bandura • Implications for Education: • Addresses our motivations for specific behaviors, why we make certain decisions

  17. Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning • Association of automatic responses with new stimuli. • Little Albert: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE • Recreate a scenario with your group to demonstrate how classical conditioning works.

  18. Behaviorism: Operant Conditioning • Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by antecedents (before) or consequences (after). • Pavlovs Dog: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OLdb9Vh10E • Recreate a scenario with your group to demonstrate how operant conditioning works.

  19. Information Processing

  20. Information Processing: Sensory Memory • Sensory Memory: system that holds sensory information very briefly. • Draw the picture from the previous slide.

  21. Information Processing: Working Memory • The information that you are focusing on at a given moment. • Each student needs to stand up and state their name. Once everyone is finished record them in the order they were said.

  22. Social Cognitive Theory: Self-Efficacy • A person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task. Beliefs about personal competence in a particular situation. • On your note paper, identify one thing you feel you do very well and one thing you feel you are not able to do from experience.

  23. Social Cognitive Theory: Self-Regulation • Process of activating and sustaining thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in order to reach goals. • Record your answers to the questions on the next page.

  24. Self-Regulation Quiz • Think about the class you are taking right now. On a 7-point scale – from 1 = not at all true of me, to 7 = very true of me – answer the following questions. • When I study for a test, I try to put together the information from class and from the book. • When I do homework, I try to remember what the teacher said in class so I can answer the questions correctly. • I know I will be able to learn the material for this class. • I expect to do well in this class. • I ask myself questions to make sure I know the material I have been studying. • Even when study materials are dull and uninteresting, I keep working until I finish.

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