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Exploring the Causes and Legacy of the American Civil War

Uncover the origins, battles, key figures, and aftermath of the American Civil War, a monumental conflict between Northern and Southern states over slavery and secession. Learn about influential leaders like Abraham Lincoln, pivotal events like the Emancipation Proclamation, and lasting constitutional changes.

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Exploring the Causes and Legacy of the American Civil War

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  1. Civil War SS5H1 I can explain the causes , major events, and consequences of the Civil War.

  2. Introduction • A civil war is a war between people who live in the same country. • The American civil war was fought between the Northern and the Southern states. • It lasted from 1861-1865. • The war was triggered by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.

  3. Free States and Slave States

  4. Slavery • American colonists began bringing African slaves in 1619. • Africans were captured, sold, and owned like property. • Many died from disease and abuse as they sailed on slave ships across Atlantic. • Worked long hours • Often beaten if they did not obey or worked to slow • Slave families were often separated • Some escaped to freedom • Most slaves born in the 17th, 18, and • 19th centuries lived all of their lives as • a slave.

  5. Plantations • Large farms on which landowners raised their cash crops were called, plantations. • Plantation owners relied on slaves to work in the fields, cook, clean, and run the farm.

  6. Missouri Compromise • 1820- Missouri applied to be a state • Southerners wanted it to be slave state • Northerners wanted it to be a free state • The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a SLAVE state while Maine entered as a FREE state. It also stated that all future states north of Missouri’s border would be FREE and south of the border would be SLAVE.

  7. Compromise of 1850 • California became a state in 1850 • Allowed California to enter the Union as a FREE state • Let people of Utah and New Mexico decide on the issue of slavery through popular sovereignty (people would be allowed to vote on whether or not to allow slavery) • In order to get Southerners to agree, it included the Fugitive Slave Law (that northerners must return runaway slaves to their southern masters. • Many northerners did not like the law or obey it.

  8. What started it? • The North and the South disagreed about Slavery • The Southern states believed they had the right to own slaves. • The Northern states believed that slaves should be free. • Southern states wanted to secede (leave) the United States. • The Northern states said that no state could leave the Union. • The South believed they had to right to secede.

  9. Abolitionist Movement • Abolitionists wanted to end slavery. • Both whites and blacks took part • Harriet Beecher Stowe published a book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. It showed the cruelty of slavery.

  10. Abraham Lincoln • One of the most remembered and influential people in the Civil War. • President of the United States • Opposed slavery • Believed in staying as one nation, not as individual states.

  11. Ulysses S. Grant • General of the Northern army that defeated the South. • Opposed to slavery. • Became President later in life.

  12. Frederick Douglass • Former slave who escaped, came North, and opposed slavery. • Great writer who made many speeches against slavery and the war.

  13. Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederate states. • Wanted the South and Union to be separated. • Wrote Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government in 1881.

  14. Robert E. Lee • Leader of the Confederate Army in Northern Virginia • Offered command of Union troops, but chose not to fight against Virginia. • Opposed secession • Urged Southerners to accept defeat and reunite.

  15. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • One of the most skilled Confederate generals, from Virginia. • Earned the nick name “Stonewall” because he refused to let his troops back down. • General Barnard said he was “like a stone wall.”

  16. William T. Sherman • Commander of the Union army • Known for the: • Atlanta Campaign- Sherman’s artillery devastated Atlanta • March to the Sea • In 24 days he was determined to bring the South to their knees

  17. Famous Battles • Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861) • Beginning of the Civil War • Confederate victory • Battle at Bull Run (July 21, 1861) • Confederate victory • Shiloh (April 6, 1862) • Confederate victory • Antietam (September 16, 1862) • Confederate victory • Gettysburg (July 1, 1863) • Union victory • Vicksburg (July 4, 1863) • Union victory

  18. Major Events of the War • The Emancipation Proclamation, in 1863, made “freeing the slaves” the focus of the war. • In the Gettysburg Addresson November 19, 1863, Lincoln said the Civil War was to preserve a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” • General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, ending the Civil War.

  19. Constitutional Changes • Amendment 13 - Abolishment of Slavery. • Amendment 14 - Equal protection of laws for all races. • Amendment 15 - Voting rights for all men.

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