1 / 11

The Great War

The Great War . Chapter 33. Not a summer war . Expectations for a brief, glorious war Battle of the Marne demonstrated a clear change in warfare Western Front Trench warfare Italy switched sides Four year stalemate. New Technology . Machine guns Barbed wire Airplanes Poison gas

declan
Télécharger la présentation

The Great War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Great War Chapter 33

  2. Not a summer war • Expectations for a brief, glorious war • Battle of the Marne demonstrated a clear change in warfare • Western Front • Trench warfare • Italy switched sides • Four year stalemate

  3. New Technology • Machine guns • Barbed wire • Airplanes • Poison gas • Tanks • U-boats • Zeppelins • Old techniques remained, increased casualties • No Man’s Land

  4. Eastern Europe • Battle lines more fluid • GER gained SE Europe • RUS pressed into northern/central Europe, pushed back by 1915 • Phenomenal casualties (1.7 m killed, 76% of forces were casualties)

  5. Total War • A nation had to be destroyed for a war to be won • Increased power of government • Economic controls – planning boards, rationing • Censorship, propaganda, restriction of liberties • Increased taxes • Draft, longer terms of service as war dragged on • Increased number of women in work place, serious (though far from complete) changes in attitudes

  6. Conflict outside of europe • Colonies dragged into the war • Japan – 8/15/1914 – took over German colonial possessions in Asia • 21 Demands – desire to make China a Japanese protectorate • Attempts to gain German colonies in Africa was much more costly • Ottoman Empire – strategic location • Gallipoli – massive Allied failure – 250,000 casualties • Increased national identities • Arab revolts weakened Empire (Lawrence of Arabia) • Armenian Massacre – 1915-1917

  7. Russia • war exacerbated problems that already existed • Losses in war, troop mutinies, Czar abdicated in 1917 • Power struggle between provisional government and Petrograd Soviet • Many popular reforms • Failed to end war or redistribute land • VI Lenin (1870-1924) • Recognized support for the Germans • Overthrew provisional government – Nov. 1917 • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – March 3, 1918

  8. US Involvement • Slow change of US public opinion • Economic involvement with Allies • Submarine warfare • Lusitania (two years prior to declaration of war) • April 6th, 1917 – Declaration of War against Germany • Wilson “to make the world safe for democracy” • Helped break stalemate

  9. Angst on the Home Front • Blockades led to shortages • Soldiers mutinied on both sides • 1918 – last German offensive • Running out of money, materials, and people • Revolts at home, kaiser abdicated • Weimar Republic declared

  10. Surrender • Bulgaria – Sept 30, 1918 • Ottoman Empire – Oct. 20, 1918 – armistice • Austria-Hungary – Nov. 4, 1918 • Germany – Nov. 11, 1918

  11. After the War • 15 million dead • 20 million wounded • Millions died after the war due to deprivation and hardship • Spanish influenza – • 20 million dead • Truly a pandemic

More Related