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The Great War

The Great War. 1914-1918 Standard 10.5 Analyze the causes and course of the First World War. Section 1 Marching Toward War. Militarism Triple Alliance Kaiser Wilhelm II Triple Entente. Rising Tensions in Europe. Rise of Nationalism – deep devotion to one’s nation

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War 1914-1918 Standard 10.5 Analyze the causes and course of the First World War

  2. Section 1 Marching Toward War Militarism Triple Alliance Kaiser Wilhelm II Triple Entente

  3. Rising Tensions in Europe • Rise of Nationalism – deep devotion to one’s nation • 6 Great Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, France • Competition for materials, markets • Territorial disputes

  4. Rising Tensions, cont. • Imperialism- competition for overseas empires 3. Militarism- policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

  5. Tangled Alliances • Triple Alliance (1882)- Germany, A-H, Italy • Bismarck believed that France wanted revenge for Franco-Prussian War • Also, signed a treaty with Russia

  6. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace • Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Bismarck to resign • Kaiser ends treaty with Russia • Russia signs peace agreement with France • What’s the big deal?

  7. Shifting Alliances, cont. • Triple Entente- Great Britain, France, Russia

  8. Crisis in the Balkans“the powder keg of Europe” • Serbia hoped to unite all Slavic people and was supported by Russia • Austria fears that the Slavs within their country would rebel • Map p. 409

  9. Crisis in Balkans, cont. • 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina • Slavs in Serbia believe their dreams of a united Slavic nation are crushed

  10. June 28, 1914 Princess Sophie Archduke Ferdinand

  11. June 28, 1914 Gavrilo Princip of The Black Hand

  12. The Assassination

  13. The Assassination

  14. The Assassination

  15. The Ultimatum • July 23, Austria gives a list of demands to Serbia. Serbia cannot meet all the demands. • July 28, Austria declares war on Serbia • Russia, an ally of Serbia, sends troops towards Austrian border. Why?

  16. Chapter 13 sec. 1 • Name Europe’s Great Powers of the 20th century. • Explain why there was increasing rivalry between European nations. • How did imperialism contribute to European rivalry? • What is militarism? • Why did Otto von Bismarck believe that France wanted revenge? • Which nations belong to the Triple Alliance? • Why did Kaiser Wilhelm force Bismarck to resign? • Why was it a mistake for Kaiser Wilhelm to end the treaty with Russia? • Which nations made up the Triple Entente? Why did the British feel it was necessary to form the Entente? • Why was the Balkans known as the “powder keg” of Europe? • Which people had successfully broken away from the Ottoman Turks? • Why was there so much tension between Serbia and Austria? • Describe what happened in the city of Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. • How did Serbia react to the assassination? • Why did Russia send its’ troops to the Austrian border? Standard 10.5.1 analyze arguments for entering into war

  17. Ch. 13 sec. 1 Quiz • France lost the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in this war • Keeping an army prepared for war • One country dominating another country politically, socially, or economically • Members of the Triple Alliance • Members of the Triple Entente • Emperor of Germany • Known as the “powder keg of Europe” • Annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 • Who was assassinated on June 28, 1914? • Where did the assassination take place? • Who was responsible for the assassination? • Name of secret terrorist organization committed to Slavic independence

  18. Ch. 13 sec. 1 Quiz • Kaiser Wilhelm • Otto von Bismarck • Czar Nicholas • Archduke Ferdinand • Alfred Schlieffen • Germany • France • Austria-Hungary • Great Britain • Russia • Italy • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria • Bosnia • Serbia • Balkans • Franco-Prussian War • Battle of the Marne • Battle of the Somme • Gavrilo Princip • Industrialization • Imperialism • Nationalism • Militarism • Black Hand • Hundred Years War Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all Standard 10.5

  19. Section 2 Europe Plunges Into War Central Powers Allies Western Front Schlieffen Plan Trench warfare Eastern Front

  20. Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy (they changed sides!) Great War Begins

  21. WWI Battlefield

  22. Western Front

  23. Bloody Stalemate • The Schlieffen Plan What are its’ advantages? What are its’ disadvantages?

  24. Battle of the Marne • September 5, 1914 Allies are able to hold back Germans from capturing Paris • Reinforcements arrived by taxi • Schlieffen plan is a Failure! Explain why.

  25. Battle of the Somme • Feb. 1916 Germans attack near French city of Verdun- each side loses 300,000 • July 1916 British attack at Somme leads to over 500,000 deaths • Stalemate continues

  26. Trench Warfare

  27. Trench Warfare Part II

  28. Trench Warfare Part III

  29. Trench Warfare • Why dig trenches in the first place? • Define: over the top, no man’s land • Why was life in the trenches boring? • What is “shell shock?” • Give 5 examples of how life in the trenches was terrible.

  30. New Weapons of War • How was WWI different from all the other wars? • How are machine guns different from older guns? • When and where was poison gas first used? • Name and describe three other new weapons of WWI. • What is the “mass” style of fighting? • How many soldiers died as a result of WWI?

  31. New Weapons of War Machine Gun

  32. Weapons of War Part II Tank

  33. Weapons of War Part III Poison Gas

  34. Submarine or U-boat Weapons of War Part IV

  35. Weapons of War Part V Flame Thrower

  36. Soldiers’ Letters Dear Home - Letters From WWI

  37. Eastern Front • Battlefield along German-Russian border • More mobile war than the western front

  38. Russia Struggles • Russia is defeated at Tannenberg • Austria pushes Russia back • Russia has shortages of food, clothing, ammunition. Lack of industrialization • Difficulty of Ally reinforcements. Why? • Russia’s only advantage- Number of soldiers • Why was Russia so important to Britain and France?

  39. Chapter 13 sec.2 • Which nations comprised the Central Powers? • Which nations comprised the Allied Powers? • Why did the Italians change sides? • Where was the Western Front? • Describe the Schlieffen Plan. • How did 600 taxicabs affect the outcome of the 1st Battle of the Marne? • Why was this battle considered the most important battle of WWI? • What is trench warfare? • What is “no man’s land?” • Describe the new weapons of WWI. • What were the outcomes of the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme? • Where was the Eastern Front? How was the war in the East different from the West? • Describe the results of the Battle of Tannenburg. • Explain why Russia’s war effort was near collapse. • Why was Russia so important to Britain and France? Standard 10.5.2 Examine principal theatres of battle and major turning points

  40. Standard 10.5.5 Discuss human rights violations and genocide, Including the Ottoman government’s actions against Armenian citizens Genocide The intent to destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group- United Nations

  41. Armenian Genocide of WWI Armenian National Institute

  42. Armenian Genocide • Does the treatment of the Armenians in Turkey fit the definition of genocide? • Provide examples and evidence from the handout. Standard 10.5.5 Discuss human rights violations and genocide, Including the Ottoman government’s actions against Armenian citizens

  43. Section 3 A Global Conflict Total war Rationing Propaganda Armistice Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

  44. War Affects the World • Gallipoli Campaign- allied plan to attack the Ottoman Empire • Dardanelles • Constantinople • Feb-Dec 1915 • Allies fail and lose 250,000 soldiers

  45. Battles in Africa and Asia • Japanese attack German territory in China • England, France attack German colonies in Africa • Many colonies volunteer for the war in hopes of being granted independence

  46. America Joins WWI • Using textbook pages 418-419 make a list of reasons why America joined the Allies. • Make a list of reasons why America should not join the war. • Do you think the United States made the correct decision? Explain why or why not.

  47. America Joins the Fight • Germany policy of unrestricted submarine warfare • May 7, 1915 Germans sink the Lusitaniaoff the coast of Ireland

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