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The Great War

The Great War. Factors Contributing to the War. Inability to Adjust to Change. Industrialization  led to competition Nationalism  threatened stability Result: Nations sought insulation from enemy attack in three ways: Colonies Alliances Armies & weapons. Imperialism in Africa & Asia.

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War Factors Contributing to the War

  2. Inability to Adjust to Change • Industrialization  led to competition • Nationalism  threatened stability • Result: Nations sought insulation from enemy attack in three ways: • Colonies • Alliances • Armies & weapons

  3. Imperialism in Africa & Asia • Moroccan Crisis: Germany threatened to take Morocco from France • Boer War: Britain clashed with Dutch settlers in South Africa • Russo-Turkish War: (Russia gained access to warm-water ports of the Mediterranean) • Russo-Japanese War: (Blocked in Europe, Russia sought Manchuria and lost to Japan.)

  4. German Alliances Divided Europe • Germany’s plan to isolate France: • Dual Alliance: Germany+Austria (1879) • Triple Alliance: Germany+Austria+Italy (1882) • Reinsurance Treaty: Germany+Russia (1887) • France and Russia signed a military alliance • Two armed camps: • On one side: Germany+Austria • On the other side: France+Russia

  5. British Alliances • Britain feared Germany so made an alliance with France (1904). • Triple Entente: Britain+France+Russia (1907)

  6. Security  Maintain Alliances • Triple Alliance: Germany+Austria+Italy • Triple Entente: Britain+France+Russia

  7. 1914 Crisis in the Balkans • Powder Keg: quarrels between nationalist groups over internal boundaries • Serbia, supported by Russia, wanted to unite with Serbians in Austria-Hungary and create a Greater Serbia. • Austria, supported by Germany, opposed this for fear that other ethnic groups would demand self-rule.

  8. Immediate Cause of War • Archduke Ferdinand of Austria assassinated • Supported by Germany, Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia: 1. Anti-Austrian activities in Serbia must cease. 2. Austro-Hungarian officials would enforce. 3. Disloyal Serbian gov’t officials would be fired. • Serbia did not agree to 2. • Austria declared war on Serbia.

  9. The World Went to War • Serbia called on its ally Russia for help. • Russia began to mobilize. • France gave its support. • Germany declared war on France (crossed neutral Belgium on way to French front). • Britain declared war on Germany.

  10. Central Powers Austria Germany Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Allies Serbia Russia France Britain Japan Italy China United States The Great War: Opposing Sides

  11. During the course of the war: • Millions of people on both sides were killed. • Britain and France were severely weakened. • Three dynasties (Hohenzollerns, Hapsburgs, and Romanovs) fell apart. • Communism took over in Russia. • Anti-imperialism grew stronger in Asia, Middle East, and Africa. • United States became most powerful nation.

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