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AP World: Periodization. Why do we periodize history?. Warm Up: Break your life up into 3-5 time periods. Name the periods and write an explanation why this breakdown makes sense. . Periodization.
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Why do we periodize history? • Warm Up: Break your life up into 3-5 time periods. Name the periods and write an explanation why this breakdown makes sense.
Periodization • Periodizationis the attempt to categorize or divide time into clearly labeled chunks • It is done to make the passage of time seem more understandable. • However, It can be very controversial…
Controversial Periodization • BC/AD(anno Domini-Latin for “in the year of our Lord)vs. BCE/CE: • Middle Ages/Dark Ages/Renaissance • The Modern era (after 1450)? Pre-modern (before 1450)? • Despite it’s controversy, periodization is a useful tool. (It helps us imagine history.)
AP Periodization PERIOD 1: Foundations • 8000 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. PERIOD 2: Classical Era • 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. PERIOD 3: Post-Classical Era • 500 – 1450 PERIOD 4: The Origins of Global Interdependence • 1450 – 1750 PERIOD 5: The Age of Revolutions, Industry and Empire • 1750 – 1914 PERIOD 6: The 20thCentury • 1914 - Present
Periods, Issues, and Details… • Periods you should be aware of • Foundations or “Prehistory” • Paleolithic: 2.5 million BCE-10,000 BCE (early humans) • Neolithic: 8,000 BCE-3500BCE (Agricultural Revolution) • Bronze Age: 3500BCE-1100BCE (River Valley civilizations) • Classical Period • 500BCE-500CE - Rome, Greece, Han China, Maurya/Gupta India, Birth of Islam • The Post-Classical Period – What does that mean? • 500CE-1450CE • Asian/African Period? - Muslim Empires, Sui/Tang/Song Dynasties, Mongols • European Period? - “Dark” Ages, Feudalism, Crusades
Some Other Issues… • Global Interdependence: European Rise • 1450CE-1750CE - Renaissance, Columbus, Americas, Exploration, Absolute Leaders, Colonialism, Scientific Revolution • Industry and Revolutions: • 1750CE-1914CE- Industrial Rev, Imperialism, Revolutions, Independence Movements, Modernization • 20th Century: A Turbulent Century • 1914CE-2007CE- World Wars 1&2, the Holocaust, The Cold War, The UN, The War on Terror, End of Colonies…etc
AP Periodization PERIOD 1: Foundations • 8000 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. PERIOD 2: Classical Era • 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. PERIOD 3: Post-Classical Era • 500 – 1450 PERIOD 4: The Origins of Global Interdependence • 1450 – 1750 PERIOD 5: The Age of Revolutions, Industry and Empire • 1750 – 1914 PERIOD 6: The 20thCentury • 1914 - Present
Why the AP Periodization? PERIOD 1: Foundations • 8000 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. WHY IS 8000 B.C.E. a pivotal year?
Why the AP Periodization? PERIOD 2: Classical Era • 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. WHY IS 500 C.E. a pivotal year?
Why the AP Periodization? PERIOD 3: Post-Classical Era • 500 – 1450 WHY IS 1450 a pivotal year?
What about webs? • Discuss with a partner: • What is a web? • What are the 3 stages of the Human Web since 6000 years ago?
The 3 Stages of the Human Web: 1. Metropolitan Web: 6000 yrs. ago – The development of city-centers, crossroads for information, goods, and infections 2. Old World Web: 2000 yrs. ago - The joining of many smaller metropolitan webs of North Africa and Eurasia 3. Cosmopolitan Web: 500 yrs. ago – Oceanic navigation uniting the world’s metropolitan webs… becoming increasingly more connected with technology
Still wondering… 1. How would J.R. McNeill define the period before the first metropolitan web began in Sumer? 2. Which system of periodization do you find more sensible and useful: the AP periodization or the Human Web ? 3. Are there other ways to periodize history?
AP Periodization PERIOD 1: BEER • 8000 B.C.E. – 500 B.C.E. PERIOD 2: WINE • 500 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. PERIOD 3: SPIRITS • 500 – 1450 PERIOD 4: COFFEE • 1450 – 1750 PERIOD 5: TEA • 1750 – 1914 PERIOD 6: COCA-COLA • 1914 - Present
Beer • The ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the Mesopotamia, began fermenting beer at least 6,000 years ago. • "When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer”
Wine • "Once you had regions like Greece and Rome that could distinguish themselves as making good wine, it gave them an economic boost…” • The expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more status than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities. • The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.
Spirits • Hard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, pleased sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration in the 1400s until the 1600s • Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy. • “Rum also reduced illness and scurvy disease. Sailing physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet."
Coffee • "In the Arab world coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns—both of which are banned by Islam," • "Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, here's a drink that sharpens the mind…The coffeehouse is the perfect venue to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse."
Tea • Tea became a daily drink in China around the third century A.D. • "Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman… The sun never set on the British Empire—which meant that it was always teatime somewhere." • As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries grew, factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks.
Coca-Cola • In 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-Colas a day. • While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist suggests that the soft drink's presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola.
