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The Civil War

The Civil War. Section 1: The Union Dissolves. CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE. John Crittenden U.S. Senator – Kentucky (favor slavery) Compromise extended the Missouri Compromise line westward. John J. Crittenden. 1787-1863. CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE REJECTED.

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War Section 1: The Union Dissolves

  2. CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE • John Crittenden • U.S. Senator – Kentucky (favor slavery) • Compromise extended the Missouri Compromise line westward

  3. John J. Crittenden 1787-1863

  4. CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE REJECTED • President Lincoln rejected the plan because it extended slavery into the west.

  5. Fort Sumter Charleston, South Carolina • Even though the fort was located in the deep South the Union (North) controlled it • Conflict between the South and North over the control of the fort • South gained control over the fort after bombing it for 34 hours

  6. Fort Sumter

  7. Confederate States in 1861

  8. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas

  9. STRENGTH OF THE NORTH • Population is 22 million • Industrialized (controlled 85% of the industry in the U.S.) • Transportation – Railroad – North controlled (important for moving troops) • Naval – U.S. Navy remained loyal to the North – built new ships for war

  10. STRENGTHS OF THE SOUTH • Defensive War – only had to protect their territory in the south • Military leadership – had the best generals • 9 million people (3.5 million were slaves)

  11. NORTH President Abraham Lincoln Capital – Washington, Dc 2.7 million soldiers 3,500 Indians (knew the land) 180,000 Blacks SOUTH President Jefferson Davis Capital – Richmond, Virginia 750,000 soldiers 5,500 Indians (knew the land) No Blacks could fight (fearful of revolting) COMPARING THE ARMIES

  12. Washington, D.C.

  13. Richmond, Virginia

  14. Abraham Lincoln Union President

  15. Jefferson Davis

  16. President Lincoln’s order to attack the South • General Irwin McDowell (North) • Ordered to march to Richmond, Virginia • Capture Richmond and end the conflict

  17. General Irvin McDowell

  18. MANASSAS JUNCTION (THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN) • North attempted to march 100 miles west to capture Richmond, Virginia (South’s capital) • South attempted to capture Washington, D.C. • Confrontation at Bull Run (30 miles from D.C.) between both sides (35,000 soldiers from the North and 35,000 soldiers from the South fought) • General “Stonewall” Jackson from the South stopped the North from advancing to Richmond – victory for the South

  19. Battle of Bull Run

  20. Battle of Bull Run

  21. Stonewall Jackson – Confederate General at Bull Run

  22. Joseph E. Johnston Confederate General at the Battle of Bull Run

  23. Robert E. Lee – Confederate General and advisor for Jefferson Davis the Confederate President

  24. George B. McClelland heads the Union forces after Bull Run

  25. Section 2 The North and the South Face Off

  26. 3 – PART STRATEGIES FOR THE NORTH • Capture Richmond, Virginia • Gain control of the Mississippi River • Naval blockade of the South (Anaconda Plan)

  27. Capture Richmond, Virginia

  28. Control the Mississippi River

  29. Naval Blockade (Anaconda Plan) Blockade the Atlantic Coast

  30. North divided most of the action in the Civil War into 2 arenas • Eastern Theatre • Western Theatre

  31. EASTERN THEATER - EAST OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTIANS

  32. Western Theatre Appalachian Mts to Mississippi River Western Theatre

  33. STRATEGIES OF WAR - SOUTH • Capture Washington, D.C. • Winning foreign support from (G.B & France) • South felt that G.B. & France needed their cotton. G.B. and France had a surplus of cotton.

  34. Washington, DC

  35. MILITARY EXPERIENCE FOR BOTH SIDES (North and South) • Uniforms • Illnesses – influenza, pneumonia, typhoid • No anesthesia

  36. Temporary Hospital Bed

  37. Disease and Infections Influenza, Pneumonia, and Typhoid

  38. pain-killers used during surgery None

  39. Andersonville, Georiga - Prison Camp

  40. HOME FRONT - NORTH • Women – replaced male workers in factories, on the farms, bankers, and morticians • Aid Societies were established (volunteer group) • Freeman’s Aid Commission – females taught former slaves

  41. Women in the Civil War

  42. HOME FRONT - SOUTH • Parades and barbeques • Raffles and auctions

  43. HOMEFRONT – NORTH – MEDICAL CARE • “Nuns of the battlefield” – Ireland and Germany • Elizabeth Blackwell – 1st female licensed doctor • Clara Barton – founder of the Red Cross • U.S. Sanitary Commission – Civilian Aid - medical

  44. OPPOSITION TO WAR South • Conscription – farmers, working class • “Rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight

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