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Atomic Theorists

Explore the groundbreaking advancements in atomic theory from ancient Greece to the early 20th century. Key figures such as Democritus and Aristotle laid the foundational ideas of matter, while Antoine Lavoisier, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, and Ernest Rutherford made significant contributions that shaped our modern understanding of atoms. Discover the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Definite Proportions, and Multiple Proportions, along with the evolution of models representing the atom, including the Solid Sphere, Plum Pudding, and Planetary Models.

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Atomic Theorists

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  1. Atomic Theorists How we got to where we are now

  2. Law of Conservation of Mass • Matter can’t be created or destroyed • Who: Antoine Lavoisier • When: 1785 • Where: France

  3. Law of Definite Proportions • Compounds = Elements put together in fixed whole number ratios C + O2 CO2 • Who: Joseph Proust • When: 1797 • Where: France

  4. Law of Multiple Proportions • Two elements can form more than one compound • The ratios of elements will be small whole numbers. • Who: John Dalton • Where: England When: 1803

  5. Who: Aristotle What: All matter is a combo of fire, air, earth or water When: 350 B.C. Where: Greece

  6. Who: Democritus • When: 400 B.C. • Where: Greece • What: Matter was made of indivisible substances he called atomos (1st talk of the atom)

  7. Who: John Dalton • What: Solid Sphere Model (1st atomic theory) • Matter is made up of indivisible particles • All atoms of a particular element are identical • Different elements are composed of different kinds of atoms. • Compounds are composed of atoms in specific ratios. • Atoms are not created or destroyed in a reaction. • When: 1805 Where: England

  8. How did Dalton do ? • Matter is made up of indivisible particles No. Atoms can be divided • All atoms of a particular element are identical No. Doesn’t account for isotopes • Different elements are composed of different kinds of atoms. Yes! • Compounds are composed of atoms in specific ratios. Yes! • Atoms are not created or destroyed in a reaction. Yes!

  9. Who: J.J. Thomson • What: Atoms aren't smallest particle • Conducted experiment with a Cathode • Ray Tube • Particles had a negative charge (discovered electrons) • Model = plum pudding When: 1897 Where: England

  10. Cathode Ray Tube

  11. Who: Robert Millikan • What: • Experiments to determine mass of electron • Conducted the oil drop experiment • Verified that electron is negatively charged • No new model • Where: America When: 1910

  12. Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

  13. Who: Ernest Rutherford What: • Conducted Gold Foil experiment • Proved nucleus is dense, positively charged core of atom • When: 1911 • Where: America Model = Planetary Model

  14. Rutherford’s Experiment Gold Foil Experiment

  15. Who: Niels Bohr • What: Pulsating Planetary Model • Electrons can move between energy levels • When: 1913 • Where: Denmark

  16. Who: James Chadwick What: • Confirmed existence of neutron • No new atomic model • When: 1932 • Where: England

  17. Whose model of the atom is represented by this diagram? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  18. Whose model of the atom is represented by this diagram? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  19. Whose model of the atom is represented by this diagram? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  20. Whose model of the atom is represented by this diagram? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  21. Whose model of the atom is represented by this diagram? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  22. Whose model of the atom is represented by this diagram? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  23. Whose model of the atom has the name “Planetary Model”? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  24. Whose model of the atom has the name “Solid Sphere”? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  25. Whose model of the atom has the name “Pulsating Planetary Model”? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

  26. Whose model of the atom has the name “Plum Pudding”? • Aristotle • Democritus • Dalton • Thomson • Millikan • Rutherford • Bohr • Chadwick

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