1. Civil War United States History Mrs. O’Shea

2. 1860 Presidential Election Abraham Lincoln won • 39% popular vote • 180 electoral votes • not a single electoral vote from South • Name did not appear on many southern ballots

3. 1860 ELECTION RESULTS

4. Southern Secession • South Carolina seceded in Dec. 1860 • 6 others states followed = Texas Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Florida Georgia • Created Confederate States of America

5. Fort Sumter • Federal fort outside Charleston, SC • Federal supply ship shot at by Confederates • Lincoln wanted to preserve Union – must protect fort • April 12, 1861 – Confederates seize fort

9. Review • Lincoln elected President - 1860 • Southern states secede • Fort Sumter – beginning of war • North – Preserve the Union • South – Federal government no longer represents our interests. We voluntarily joined United States, we choose to leave it.

10. Battle of Bull Run • Union troops – not prepared • Sent by Lincoln to capture Richmond – Confederate capital city • Met with 32,000 Confederate troops outside of Manassas. • Union troops were sent running back to Washington, D.C. IMPORTANCE • Boosted Confederates morale • Signaled to Union that they needed to prepare for a real war

11. CASUALTIES • Heavy casualties on both sides – killed, wounded, captured, or MIA • Disease (typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonella, gangrene, malaria)

13. Casualties (deaths) Revolutionary War = 4,400 Mexican American War = 13,000 Civil War = 600,000 WWI = 115,000 WWII = 407,000 Korean War = 33,000 Vietnam War = 58,000 War in Iraq = 4,244(as of February 13, 2009) Really rough estimates – Mrs. O’Shea

14. Casualties (deaths)

15. GROUP 1

16. GROUP 2

18. GROUP 3

19. GROUP 4

21. Lincoln and Slavery • “Preserve the Union” • Personally opposed to slavery • Came to regard abolishing slavery as a strategy for winning war • Slave working in field = one more Southerner fighting in fields

23. Emancipation Proclamation p. 396 Who was freed? slaves under Confederate control Some Northerners feared … freed people would increase unemployment Abolitionists criticized Lincoln for … not going far enough by freeing all slaves Southerners … condemned it

24. African Americans in War • July 1862 – Congress allows African-Americans to join military • January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation – encouraged freed slaves to fight • By 1865 – 180,000 African Americans had enlisted (10% of troops) • Less pay • Black regiments – white officers • 54th Massachusetts Infantry – bravery in attack on Ft. Wagner – first medal of honor (Sergeant William Carney) GLORY

25. Plans to Win!!! • Union – attacked from West and East – Anaconda Plan (choke them) • Confederacy – attacked Union through Virginia (scare Northerners – fuel anti-war movement in North)

26. North – Strategy

27. Gettysburg • 3 days – July 1-3, 1863 • Greatest battle ever fought in North America • Bloodiest battle of war Union = 23,000 casualties Confederacy = 28,000 casualties IMPORTANCE • Union victory ended Lee’s invasion of North • Referred to as “turning point of war”

28. Gettysburg Address • Dedication of cemetery • Honors Union soldiers • Expresses grief of nation • Necessity of preserving the Union http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410

29. “War is cruelty. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over.”

30. Sherman’s March p. 412 • Union General William Sherman’s total war • GOAL = destroy the Confederacy's ability to wage further war • 300 mile path of destruction – destroying railroads, bridges, factories, livestock, crops, etc. • Most likely speed up the ending of the war

32. South Surrenders Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia (private home – not a court building) -take horses and go home -obey laws April 9, 1965

33. Lincoln Assassinated • April 14, 1865 • John Wilkes Booth – wanted to kidnap in exchange for Confederate prisoners. • Changed plans – killed Lincoln • Ford’s Theater