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Hinduism

Hinduism.

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism Hinduism is both a civilization and a congregation of religions; it has neither a beginning or founder, nor a central authority, hierarchy, or organization. Every attempt at a specific definition of Hinduism has proved unsatisfactory in one way or another, the more so because the finest scholars of Hinduism, including Hindus themselves, have emphasized different aspects of the whole.

  2. I. Gods and Goddesses

  3. a. Brahma: the creator, soul of the whole universe & present in everything.

  4. b. Vishnu: the preserver, has come to earth in many different forms Also keeps balance of good and evil

  5. c. Shiva: the destroyer

  6. II. Hindu Symbols

  7. a. Om (Aum) The greatest of all mantras

  8. b. swastika A symbol of good fortune and prosperity

  9. c. Cows The cow is sacred b/c it gives food without having to be killed

  10. III. Sacred texts

  11. a. The Vedas: containing the Upanishads – commentaries on the individual soul and the creation of the universe

  12. b. Mahabharata – 200,000 lines, longest poem ever written; influences Hindu character and conduct Contains the Bhagavad Gita – summarizes major beliefs of Hinduism

  13. IV. Basic teachings

  14. a. Reincarnation or Transmigration of the soul The rebirth of the soul

  15. b. Karma The influence of past actions on future lives

  16. c. Dharma The moral law governing individual conduct – What you follow in this life for the next

  17. d. Ahimsa Non-injury or the absence of desire to harm

  18. e. Moksha The soul is released from reincarnation

  19. V. General Nature of Hinduism

  20. a. Ideas never die they are simply combined w/ new ideas

  21. b. Hindus may embrace other religions without ceasing to be a Hindu

  22. Sikhism • There is only One God. He is the same God for all people of all religions. • The soul goes through cycles of births and deaths before it reaches the human form.. • The true path to achieving salvation and merging with God does not require renunciation of the world or celibacy, but living the life of a householder, earning a honest living and avoiding worldly temptations and sins.

  23. SIKHS • Sikhism condemns blind rituals such as fasting, visiting places of pilgrimage, superstitions, worship of the dead, idol worship etc. • Sikhism preaches that people of different races, religions, or sex are all equal in the eyes of God. It teaches the full equality of men and women. Women can participate in any religious function or perform any Sikh ceremony or lead the congregation in prayer.

  24. Jainism • Non-violence to all living things – Vow to kill no living thing, tell no lies and steal nothing • Well-educated, strict vegetarians • Share some Hindu beliefs

  25. Buddhism • Siddhartha • 4 Noble Truths • 8 Fold Path • Reincarnation wheel of life • Nirvana

  26. Islam – All believers are equal in the eyes of God • Monotheistic • Allah • Mohammed • 5 pillars of Faith • Quran

  27. Islam • Muslims predominate in Pakistan and Afghanistan • Came to the subcontinent to trade, then to invade with superior technology • Ruled in various sultanates from the 13th to the 17th centuries

  28. Moghal Empire • Two most famous Muslim rulers: • Akbar – tolerant of all faiths • encouraged learning from all – “truth was no monopoly of any religion” • Aurangzeb – opposed religious toleration • Banned non-Muslim poets and historians, suppressed drinking and gambling, taxed non-believers and dismissed Hindus from jobs • Created much resentment between the faiths

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