The Civil War 1861 -1865

1. The Civil War1861-1865

2. Focus Questions • What were the goals of both the North and South? • What advantages did each side have? • What was the significance of each battle discussed? • What were the consequences of this war?

3. Beginning of War America Divided • Between 1860 and 1861, 11 states seceded from the Union • In 1861, Americans began to fight the worst war our nation had ever known. • Families and friends became divided, not knowing which side to support • Families and friends fought against each other… Mary, Lincoln’s wife, had brothers fighting for the Union

4. Lincoln’s decision • Southern states wanted to leave the Union peacefully and form the Confederate States of America • Southerners felt very different from the North and believed that they could not remain part of the U.S. • Lincoln did not want to go to war, but felt he had no choice. • His goal was to keep the Union together….

5. During Lincoln’s inaugural speech, he asked the Union to rejoin the Union… • “We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.” • What is President Lincoln saying here? • But within a few weeks, the north and south were at war.

6. 1861

7. Fort Sumter • Belonged to the U.S. army, even though it was in South Carolina • Confederate states wanted control of Fort Sumter • Lincoln said no and he sent supplies to the union soldiers who were protecting it • In April, 1861, fighting began • Confederate soldiers attacked Fort Sumter • Union soldiers quickly ran out of ammunition and surrendered • Confederates won the first battle Fort Sumter then Fort Sumter today Fort Sumter movie

8. Significance of Fort Sumter Battle • First battle of Civil War • No casualties (deaths) • Led to false beliefs that this would be a quick war

9. Goals of North and South North Fighting to keep the Union together South Fighting to have their own, independent nation Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

10. Advantages of each side-make predictions

11. Evaluating the North and SouthAdvantages of North and South-Reading

12. Advantages of each side

13. Railroad Lines in 1860 movie

14. CIVIL WAR STRATEGIESPlanning and paying for the War North’s plan TheAnaconda Plan • Wanted to crush prey to death (South) • Blockade the South • Split the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi River • Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital • Northern ships would blockade southern ports to stop confederacy from receiving supplies • Prevent South from selling cotton • Congress passed income tax laws and sold war bonds

15. South’s plan • Fight a defensive war • Would defend land and wait for Union to get tired and then surrender • Hopeful that Great Britain would provide them with supplies • Confederacy placed taxes on many different products and sold war bonds

16. First Battles

17. First Battle of Bull Run • First major battle • July 21, 1861 • 30,000 Union soldiers against 22,000 confederate soldiers • Union expected quick win and started winning, but confederates ended up winning • Confederates led by “Stonewall Jackson”-one of South’s best generals • Civilians came out to watch! • Significance- Union knows this will be a long war

18. Battle of Shiloh • Fought in Shiloh, Tennessee • April 6, 1862 • Bloodiest battle yet • Almost 10,000 wounded or dead Union soldiers • 1,728 dead • Over 8,000 wounded • Union victory

19. Battle of Antietam • Bloodiest single battle in U.S. history • Over 2,000 Union soldiers dead and more than 9,000 wounded • 1,500 confederate soldiers dead and more than 7,800 wounded • General Lee’s battle plans lost and found by Union soldiers • Significance-Confederate loss, which meant General Lee couldn’t convince Great Britain to aide them in the war effort

20. Emancipation Proclamation • Because the Union won an important battle, Lincoln believed it was time to act on the issue of slavery • Wrote the “Emancipation Proclamation” • Stated that after January 1, 1863, all enslaved people in states that were at war with the Union in the Confederacy, would be emancipated, or freed. • This made southern African Americans very happy • However, the Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in border states, territories captured by Union forces, or in the Confederacy.

21. Significance of Emancipation Proclamation • Gave Union soldiers important reasons to fight-ending slavery and saving the Union • Encouraged enslaved African Americans to escape from their owners and join the Union army • Great Britain and other foreign nations decided not to aid the Confederacy when they heard the Union was trying to stop slavery.

22. Different Americans fighting for the Union • Thousands of enslaved Africans joined the Union army • 440,000 immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweded, Poland, etc. • 10,000 hispanicamericans • 6,000 jewishamericans

23. Battle of Gettysburgh • Lee decided to attack the north in hopes of getting them to surrender • Lee led 75,000 troops and the North led 90,000 troops and they met at Gettysburgh, PA on July 1, 1863 • Lasted three horrible days • Huge losses for both sides-Union lost 23,000 and the confederates lost 28,000 • Lee went back to Virginia • Too many losses for South and they couldn’t replace all the men • Army was never that strong again Route General Lee took when headed into Gettysburgh

24. Gettysburgh Address • Abraham Lincoln made an address at Gettysburgh shortly after the loss of so many lives Gettysburgh movie • What was the purpose of the speech? • How did Lincoln feel about his speech? • How did others’ feel about the address? • What did his speech mean?

25. Capture of Vicksburgh • Union’s goal was to get full control of the Mississippi River • Confederates would then not be able to move their supplies • Needed to capture Vicksburgh, Miss • Order Grant (Union general) to take control of Vicksburgh • Eventually the Union captured Vicksburgh by completely surrounding them and withholding all supplies until they literally were starving to death

26. Capture of Port Hudson • With this capture, the Union controlled the entire Mississippi River • Confederacy was now split • Without this river, the South could not not get food from Texas and Arkansas • Capture of Vicksburgh and Gettysburgh were turning points in the Civil war • Confederate army not ready to surrender, but they couldn’t win the war

27. Sherman’s March to the SeaSouthern’s viewpoint of Sherman’s march • Grant (union) now commanded more than 500,000 soldiers • Goal was to crush the South to make it impossible for the Confederates to continue fighting • Grant sent Sherman to capture the city of Atlanta, Georgia • He attacked manufacturing and railroad centers • Captured Georgia and set it on fire-completely destroyed the city • Actions called total war-to destroy anything the south could use to continue the war • Sherman then captured Savannah, Georgia • Burned animals, houses, barns, bridges and roads • As a result, people HATED the north, but they did finally surrender • Sherman’s movie