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The Great War

The Great War. World War I and Its Aftermath 1914-1919. Causes of War. Imperialism-competition to create overseas empires Nationalism – a growing feeling of extreme patriotism and superiority based on country Militarism – the build-up weapons, armies, and navies

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The Great War

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  1. The Great War World War I and Its Aftermath 1914-1919

  2. Causes of War • Imperialism-competition to create overseas empires • Nationalism – a growing feeling of extreme patriotism and superiority based on country • Militarism – the build-up weapons, armies, and navies • Balance of Powers - alliance system established in Europe created to deter war. • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy • Triple Entente: France, England, and Russia

  3. The Spark • The Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria Hungry on June 28 1914, triggered the start of the war by having the two alliances square off against each other. Europe is at war by August.

  4. Europe at War • Central Powers • Germany/Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Schlieffen Plan • Austria-Hungary • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers • France • England • Russia • Italy • U.S. (1917)

  5. Modern War European countries expected the war to end in a few months, but new weapons and strategy quickly bogged down the war into trench warfare. Technological advances from the Industrial Revolution had an impact on the way war would be waged. Machine guns, armored tanks, airplanes, submarines “U-boats”, and poison gas all made their first appearance in this war.

  6. The U.S. Enters the War The U.S. enters the war after German U-boats sink The Lusitanian and Germany’s violation of the Sussex pledge. Other passenger boats were sunk. As a result American public opinion turns firmly toward the Allies. The Zimmerman Note seals the U.S. entrance into WWI.

  7. Americans Prepare for War • War Industries Board • Lever Food and Fuel Control Act (government set prices and production controls) • Increased Food Production • National War Labor Board • Women serve as nurses, ambulance drivers, red cross workers, and filled factory jobs. • The Selective Service Act (including African American units and officer training.

  8. Getting Public Support • the formation of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) • The Espionage and Sedition Act 1917-1918 • Schenck v. United States – speech can be limited in times of if it poses a “clear and present danger”

  9. Propaganda Posters

  10. At War • The expectation that the war would end quickly evaporated as both sides became bogged down in the trenches and a stalemate ensued. • The First and Second battle of the Marne highlight the horrors of the new warfare. • The Russians exit the war, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as they become involved in their own revolution . • An Armistice is signed on the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day of the eleventh month 1918. The war is officially over.

  11. After War • Fourteen Points – plan purposed by Wilson to ensure future peace • Self-determination • League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles • Big Four – • U.S. /Woodrow Wilson • England/ Lloyd George • France/ Georges Clemenceau • Italy/Vittorio Orlando • Conditions • Blame and Punishment • Reparations • Alsace-Lorraine

  12. Impact of World War I • Political – over though of monarchies in Germany, Russia, Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary and rise of Bolshevism, and revolts against colonialism, new nations were formed. • Economic – ruined European economies, U.S. emerges as world power. Inflation and decrease in demand for U.S. farm products • Social – Women’s war contributions help get 19th amendment passed. African Americans moved to Northern Cities for jobs. • European Impact – Lost generation of men, countries in ruin and debt, issues unresolved by Treaty of Versailles

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