1 / 17

Verbals

Verbals. Participles, Gerunds, and Infinitives . Participles . A present participle is formed by adding –ing to the verb. A past participle is formed by adding –ed to the verb. Sometimes a participle acts as the main verb in a verb phrase.

jarvis
Télécharger la présentation

Verbals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Verbals Participles, Gerunds, and Infinitives

  2. Participles • A present participle is formed by adding –ing to the verb. A past participle is formed by adding –ed to the verb. • Sometimes a participle acts as the main verb in a verb phrase. • As a verb, the present participle is used with forms of the linking verb to be, and the past participle is used with forms of the helping verb to have. • A participle can also act as an adjective to describe, or modify, a noun, or pronoun.

  3. Participle Examples • The robin was singing in the tree. (present participle as a main verb.) • Our cat stared at the singing robin. (present participle as an adjective.) • Tammy has tossed the water balloon. (past participle as a main verb.) • The tossed water balloon hit the sidewalk. (past participle as an adjective.

  4. Participial Phrase • A participle phrase includes a participle and all the other words that complete its meaning. • It is used as an adjective and can appear before or after the word it modifies. • Place the phrase as close as possible to the modified word to avoid confusion. • A participial phrase placed at the beginning of the sentence is set off with a comma. • Other participial phrases may or may not need commas, depending on whether they are essential to the sentence.

  5. Participial Phrases Examples • The girl throwing the water balloon is Tammy. • Tammy, throwing the water balloon, aimed at the target. • Running quickly after Tammy, I threw the balloon back. • Tammy, scared of getting wet, hid behind the bush.

  6. Gerunds • You can also have a verb form ending in –ing that may serve as a noun. This is called a gerund. • It can be the subject of the sentence, the direct object, or the object of the preposition.

  7. Gerund Examples • Flying is a skill birds must learn. (gerund acts as a subject.) • Young birds practice flying. (gerund acts as a direct object). • They can escape from dangers by flying. (gerund acts as an object of the preposition)

  8. Gerund Phrase • A gerund phrase is a group of words that includes a gerund and other words that completes its meaning. • Examples Flying in a storm takes practice. (subject). Birds learn flying in high winds at a young age. (direct object). Many birds owe their survival skills to flying away from enemies. (object of the preposition)

  9. Infinitives • An infinitive is another verb form that may function as a noun (subject or direct object). It may also function as a adjective or an adverb. • An infinitive is formed from the word to plus a verb. • The word is not a preposition when it is used immediately before a verb. Jenny is always looking for a chance to read. (infinitive) She goes to the library once a week. (not an infinitive; the word to is used a preposition.

  10. Infinitives Continued… • An infinitive used as a noun can be the subject of a sentence or the direct object of the verb. • To read is enjoyable. (subject). • Jenny tries to read every day. (direct object). • An infinitive phrase is a group of words that includes the infinitive and other words that completes its meaning. • Example: Jenny has decided to read all of Sue Ellen Bridger’s books this summer.

  11. Infinitives • To + Verb • Adjective • Adverb • Noun(Subject, Direct Object, Predicate Nominative) If the infinitive comes after (most of the time) LV—adverb AV—direct object (noun) or adverb (ask yourself does it answer the question why? Noun—adjective Blank or nothing—subject

  12. Gerunds • Words that end in –ing • Always function as a noun If the gerund comes… After AV—Direct Object After LV—Predicate Nominative After Preposition—Object of the Preposition Before the main verb—Subject

  13. Participles • Words that usually end in –ing or –ed • Functions as a main verb or an adjective • HV or LV—verb (make sure it shows an action) • Carol is skating at the park today. (Participle—Carol is completing an action) • A good form of exercise is roller skating. (Gerund functions as a predicate nominative. Roller skating is a DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBJECT.

  14. No HV or LV—adjective (modify nouns) • Carol rescues the freezing cat. • The tall man wearing the gray suit is a judge. • Carrying plenty of water, we set out for the summit of the mountain. • NOT ALL WORDS THAT END IN –ED ARE PARTICIPLES. Check to see if the –ed word has a HV or LV in front of it. • Example I jumped rope during P.E. this morning.

  15. Practice • The nervous bird was pecking at the girl. • The freezing lady put on her sweater. • The spilled oil spread over the floor. • A printout of the results had been taped to the door. • The elected chairperson must work hard. • Surprised by our gift of a winter coat, Grandmother began to cry. • We recycled the crumpled paper. • We were unable to keep warm in the blistering wind. • The lot, filled with cars, was enormous.

  16. Chart

  17. Verbal Review • Look for these words: • To + verb • words that end in –ed • Words that end in -ing

More Related