1. Verbals Gerunds Participles Infinitives

2. Gerunds • A gerund is a verb form ending in –ingthat is used as a noun • It is part verb and part noun • Formed by adding -ing to the plain form of the verb • Function in any way a noun functions

3. Singing is fun. • Their favorite exercise is running. • Shelly likes swimming. • Get special shoes for running.

4. Gerund phrase • A gerund phrase consists of a gerund along with its complements and modifiers, all of which together act as a noun. Ahhhhh!

5. The gentle pattering of the rain was the only sound.

6. Participles • A verb form that can be used as an adjective. • Part verb and part adjective

7. Present participle • Plain form of the verb plus –ing • Different from a gerund • Participle acts as an adjective • The pouring rain drove us inside.

8. Past participle • Plain form of the verb plus –d, -ed, or sometimes -t or -n A peeled cucumber can be added to a garden salad.

9. The speaker, known for her eloquent speeches, drew applause from the audience. This sentence contains a participial phrase.

10. Infinitives • A verb form, usually preceded by to, that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb • to love, to care, to jump, to puke

11. As a noun • To love is to care. • Cheryl wanted to work on the play.

12. As an adjective • The place to visit is Paris. • That was a record to beat.

13. As an adverb • The point guard jumped to shoot. • Ready to go, we loaded the car. Don’t confuse these with prepositional phrases! Those will have a noun/pronoun following the to .